Evaluation of dietary and life-style habits of patients with gastric cancer: a case-control study in Turkey

Objective: Gastric cancer is an important public health problem in the world and Turkey. In addition toHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), smoking, alcohol consumption and family history, certain dietary factors havebeen associated with its occurrence. The impact of dietary habits and life-style factors on the risk of gastriccancer in Turkey were evaluated in this study. Design: A questionnaire was applied to 106 patients with gastricadenocarcinoma and 106 controls without cancer matched for age (range 28-85 years) and gender selected froma hospital based population. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated withlogistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of H. pylori was 81.3% in patients. Frequent consumption ofsalty dishes, very salty foods like pickles, soup mixes, sausages, foods at hot temperature (ORs = 3.686, 7.784,5.264, 3.148 and 3.273 respectively) and adding salt without tasting (OR = 4.198) were associated with increasedgastric risk. Also heavy smoking and high amount of alcohol consumption (p = 0.000) were risk factors. Frequentconsumption of green vegetables, onion, garlic and dried fruits (ORs = 0.569, 0.092, 0.795 and 0.041) was nonsignificantlyassociated with decreased risk. Conclusion: Improved dietary habits, reducing salt consumptionand eradication of H. pylori infection may provide protection against gastric cancer in Turkey.