上海市1992～2004年急性硫化氢中毒事故分析

目的对上海市1992~2004年急性硫化氢中毒事故进行分析,探讨急性硫化氢中毒事故的防治对策。方法按照卫生部统一的《急性职业中毒现场劳动卫生学调查表》对上海市在此期间发生的硫化氢中毒的年度分布、中毒原因和不同作业场所的硫化氢中毒情况等进行分析。结果上海市1992~2004年间共发生急性硫化氢中毒事故41起,造成132人中毒,其中46人死亡,病死率34.8%;1999~2004年,硫化氢中毒呈现上升趋势;硫化氢中毒多发生在市政污水管道疏通或窨井污物清理等作业中;68.3%的硫化氢中毒发生在密闭空间,是非密闭空间的2.2倍。结论上海市硫化氢中毒危害形势依然严峻,严重地威胁了劳动者生命和健康,应大力加强急性硫化氢中毒的防治,建立“政府监管、行业管理,用人单位自律、劳动者自我保护”的职业病防治机制。

Analysis of Acute Sulfureted Hydrogen Poisoning in Shanghai during the period of 1992 to 2004

[Objective]To analyze the cases of acute sulfureted hydrogen poisoning during the period of 1992 to 2004 and explore the relevant preventive countermeasures.[Methods]Analysis was made on the year distribution, causes for poisoning and the variety of workplaces of the acute sulfureted hydrogen poisonings according to the labor hygienic questionnaires for acute occupational poisonings.[Results]During the period of 1992 to 2004,a number of 41 acute sulfureted hydrogen poisonings occurred in Shanghai with 132 workers poisoned and 46 workers died(34.8%);acute sulfureted hydrogen poisoning showed an increasing tendency,which mostly occurred during the work of sewage pipe dredging in the city planning projects;68.3% of acute sulfureted hydrogen poisonings occurred in the confined spaces,which was 2.2 times of that in the non-confined spaces.[Conclusion]The situation of acute sulfureted hydrogen poisoning is quite serious in Shanghai;great importance should be attached to the prevention work.