南通市近郊农村50岁及以上人群盲和低视力的现况研究

目的:了解江苏省南通市近郊农村50岁及以上人群盲和低视力的患病率及致盲的主要原因。方法:2006年4月对南通市港闸区幸福乡某村50岁及以上全体常住农村人口进行眼病普查,分别按世界卫生组织(WHO)视力损伤标准和日常生活视力分类标准进行盲和低视力的分级,同时对所有视力<0.05的损伤眼确定致盲的主要原因。结果:检录710例中,受检人数653例,应答率91.97%。按WHO视力损伤标准,双眼盲21例(3.22%),双眼低视力28例(4.29%);按日常生活视力分类标准,双眼盲30例(4.59%)。盲的患病率随年龄增长而增加,文化程度文盲中盲的患病率高于非文盲,男性与女性差异无统计学意义。双眼盲的首要原因为白内障,其次为眼底异常、屈光不正。结论:江苏省南通市农村盲的患病率高于城市,高于发达国家与地区。白内障引起的盲是农村老年人的严重问题,白内障复明手术深入农村乃是防盲治盲的关键。

Cross-sectional study of blindness and low vision among adults aged 50 years or above in Nantong rural area

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and main causes of blindness and low vision among adults aged ≥50 years in the rural population of Nantong,Jiangsu Province.Methods:Census was conducted in Zhuanshui Village,Xingfu Country,Gangzha District,in which all residents aged ≥50 years were visited.Blindness and low vision were graded by World Health Organization(WHO) visual impairment criterion and presenting visual acuity criterion,respectively.The main causes of blindness were analyzed in eyes whose visual acuity was lower than 0.05.Results:Of 710 enumerated subjects,653 adults participated in the survey and the response rate was 91.97%.According to WHO visual impairment criterion,the prevalence of bilateral blindness and bilateral low vision was 3.22% and 4.29%,respectively.According to presenting visual acuity criterion,the prevalence of bilateral blindness was 4.59%.The prevalence of blindness increased with age and was higher in illiterate individuals than that in the literate.But it showed no statistical difference in males and females.Cataract was the leading cause of blindness,followed by fundus abnormalities and refractive error.Conclusions:The prevalence of blindness in Nantong rural areas is higher than that in urban areas of Nantong,and also higher than that in developed countries or areas.Cataract blindness continues as a significant problem among rural elderly.Cataract surgery going deep into the countryside is the key to prevention and therapy of blindness.