子宫内膜容受性的表观遗传调控机制的研究进展

表观遗传在调控子宫内膜容受性和胚胎植入方面有重要作用。表观遗传学调控参与月经周期子宫内膜再生和增殖、血管形成、植入和蜕膜化。DNA甲基化与EMs发生有关,卵巢癌相关的肿瘤抑制基因的高甲基化导致基因表达沉默,很多与子宫内膜癌相关的肿瘤基因都有异常甲基化变化,进而发生肿瘤。组蛋白修饰参与许多妇科疾病的发生过程,其中部分妇科疾病正是因为改变子宫内膜容受状态进而导致不孕。组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化之间也可以相互调控,同时组蛋白乙酰化也可以调节DNA甲基化。缺少miRNA的表达与某些人类子宫内膜疾病相关,例如EMs、子宫内膜增生和肿瘤,这些疾病影响子宫内膜的厚度、血流状态、分子表达进而降低子宫内膜的容受性,导致不孕。

Advances in Study on Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation Underlying Endometrial Receptivity

Epigenetic regulation is very important to endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Epigenetic regulation is involved in the process of regeneration and proliferation of endometrium, angiogenesis, implantation and decidulization. DNA methylation acts on the development of EMs and hyper-methylation of some ovarian tumor suppressor genes leading to gene silencing, while the abnormal methylation has been found in many tumor related genes of endometrial cancer. Histone modification takes part in the process of the occurrence and development of many gynecological diseases, part of which will lead to infertility by changing the state of endometrial receptivity. Histone modification and DNA methylation can regulate each other, meanwhile histone acetylation may influence the process of DNA methylation. Some human endometrial diseases including EMs, endometrial hyperplasia and tumor, which will influence the thickness, blood flow and molecular expressions of endometrium, are related with the absence of some miRNA.