In vitro antiproliferative characteristics of flavonoids and diazepam on SNU-C4 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells |
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Authors: | Sang-Woo Lee Jae-Tae Lee Maan-Gee Lee Ho Won Lee Sohn Joo Ahn Yong Jin Lee You La Lee Jeongsoo Yoo Byeong-Cheol Ahn Jeoung-Hee Ha |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 101, Dongin 2-Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea;(2) Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 101, Dongin 2-Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea;(3) Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 101, Dongin 2-Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | The need for beneficial use of sedatives in oncologic patients is increasing. Therefore, in this study, antiproliferative characteristics of herbal and synthetic sedatives were examined in vitro in SNU-C4 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Apigenin (50% inhibition concentration, IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.5 μM) and diazepam (IC50 = 7.0 ± 0.5 μM) showed concentration-dependent inhibition of SNU-C4 cancer cell survival. Efficacy of cancer cell survival inhibition by apigenin and diazepam was much lower than that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a known chemotherapeutic drug. However, 10−6 M concentration of apigenin and diazepam potentiated 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity. In SNU-C4 cells, 10−6 M concentrations of diazepam, flumazenil (Ro15-1788), Ro5-4864, or PK11195, all ligands for central- or peripheral-type benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors, inhibited cell survival like the flavonoid apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) and fisetin (3,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone). Also like the plant flavonoids, treatment with 10−6 M concentration of diazepam for 3 days hardly affect the peripheral-type BZD receptor (PBR) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and inhibited glucose utilization of SNU-C4 cells. Treatment with flavonoids or diazepam for 6 days upregulated PBR mRNA expression and cell cytotoxicity of SNU-C4 cells. Furthermore, treatment with 10−6 M concentration of apigenin, a natural sedative material originating from traditional herbs, positively modulated BZD-induced antiproliferative cytotoxicity in SNU-C4 cells. Overall, the in vitro antiproliferative activity on SNU-C4 cancer cells of herbal sedatives, such as apigenin, plus additive enhancement of synthetic BZD- and 5-FU-induced antiproliferative activities, were shown. In conclusion, this study provides experimental basis for advanced trial in the future. |
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Keywords: | Apigenin Herbal sedatives Diazepam In vitro antiproliferative effects Glucose utilization SNU-C4 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells |
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