凝血酶法致大鼠血液高凝态模型的建立

目的 探索静脉注射凝血酶造成大鼠高凝态模型，为高凝态的研究提供合适动物模型。方法 SD大鼠分为六组，分别于股静脉恒速注射生理盐水和2.5、5、10、20、40 U/kg凝血酶溶液，5 min内采血测活化部分凝血活酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time，APTT）、凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time，PT）、纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen，FIB），并观察大鼠死亡情况以确定最佳凝血酶剂量。在此基础上，以最佳剂量凝血酶溶液股静脉注射给予大鼠，分别于0、10、30、60、120、180、300 s采血测APTT、PT、FIB以确定最佳采血时间。最后将大鼠分为生理盐水组与凝血酶组（最佳凝血酶剂量和采血时间），采集血样测定APTT、PT、FIB以及全血粘度。结果 10 U/kg凝血酶组大鼠血浆APTT、PT明显缩短，FIB明显升高，且大鼠死亡率低。注射凝血酶后60 s大鼠血浆APTT、PT缩短最多，FIB含量升至最高。同生理盐水组相比，凝血酶组大鼠血浆PT、APTT显著缩短，FIB、全血粘度显著增大，且差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论 注射凝血酶溶液可复制大鼠血液高凝态模型，最佳凝血酶剂量为10 U/kg，凝血酶浓度为2 U/mL，最佳采血测试时间为60 s。

Establishment of a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state caused by intravenous injection of thrombin

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state by intravenous injection of thrombin and to provide a model for researches on hypercoagulable state. Methods Rats were divided into six groups and were injected with normal saline and 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 U/kg thrombin solution through the femoral vein, respectively. Then, blood was drawn to test the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB), and to observe the death rate of rats in these groups to verify the optimal dosage. On this basis, rats were injected thrombin of the best dose through the femoral vein, and blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300 (s) to test APTT and PT and FIB for determining the best time for blood sampling. At last, the rats were divided into control group and thrombin group to inject normal saline or thrombin solution in the best dose via the femoral vein, and blood was taken at the best time to test APTT, PT, FIB and whole blood viscosity. Results APTT and PT values of the 10 U/kg thrombin group were the shortest, and FIB value of this group was the highest among these groups. APTT and PT values of blood sample collected at about 60 s after thrombin injection were the shortest, and FIB value was the highest. Compared with the control group, PT and APTT values of the thrombin group were shorter (P<0.05), and blood viscosity and FIB were higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Injecting thrombin solution into the femoral vein can be used to establish a rat model of hypercoagulable state. The best dose of thrombin solution is 10 U/kg in a concentration of 2 U/mL. The best time to collect blood sample is 60 s.