实验用猕猴颈部骨骼和血管的影像学及血流动力学分析

【摘要】 目的：利用320排螺旋CT三维重建观察猕猴颈椎骨骼结构，椎动脉走形，测量椎动脉与其所经过横突孔直径大小。通过彩色多普勒超声以无创的方法获得健康实验猕猴颈部动脉的血流相关数据，为以猕猴为实验对象的基础研究提供一些有价值的颈部影像学资料。方法：选择健康实验猕猴6只，雌雄各半，年龄3－5岁，体重3.5-5kg，给予全身麻醉后行颈部CT血管扫描试验, 采用平扫及增强扫描技术，进行容积数据采集，获取正常猕猴颈部CT横断面影像。并在横断位图像中测量C6横突孔入口处左右两侧椎动脉直径、C2-C6横突孔的横径、矢状径。彩色多普勒超声对健康猕猴颈总动脉(CCA)、颈内动脉(ICA)、颈外动脉(ECA)、椎动脉(VA)的收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张期峰值血流速度（EDV）及血管内径(D)进行分析。结果：螺旋CT三维重建显示：①猕猴椎动脉经C6横突孔入颈椎，C2横突孔出颈椎，并有钩椎关节的存在，猕猴椎动脉的走行与人极其相似；②猕猴左侧椎动脉直径为1.89?.44（mm）,右侧椎动脉直径为1.72?.39（mm），双侧椎动脉直径比较无统计差异(P>0.05)，同一节段双侧的横突孔测量指标比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)与人相似。彩色多普勒超声检测颈部血管提示：猕猴左右两侧的颈总动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（CCA-PSV）、舒张期峰值血流速度（CCA-EDV），颈内动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（ICA-PSV）、舒张期峰值血流速度（ICA-EDV），颈外动脉的收缩期峰值血流速度（ECA-PSV），椎动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（VA-PSV）的差异有统计学意义。颈部左侧动脉是猕猴的优势动脉。结论：本研究获得了健康实验用猕猴颈部骨骼及血管的影像学资料，血流动力参数及血管内径的测值，为以猕猴为实验对象的科学研究提供了有价值的基础资料。

Morphology and hemodynamic analysis of vertebral arteries in rhesus macaques by 320-CT and color Doppler ultrasound

Objective To obtain imaging information of the cervical arteries and vertebral structure of rhesus macaques and provide useful reference data for medical research works using macaques as animal models. Methods Six adult macaques (3 males and 3 females) in age of 3-5 years, body weight from 3.5 to 5 kg, were used to examine the neck by 320 row spiral CT imaging under general anesthesia, and three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to observe the vertebral artery morphology, and to measure the diameter of vertebral artery and the size of transverse foramen of the macaques. Color Doppler ultrasound was combined with 320-CT imaging to assess the blood flow velocity in carotid arteries. After CT scan to make sure that the vertebral artery and cervical vertebra of macaques had no deformity, the size of transverse foramen and diameter of vertebral artery were measured in the cross-sectional images. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to analyze the peak systolic velocity (PSV), diastolic peak flow velocity (EDV) and the diameter (D) of common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and vertebral artery (VA) of the macaques. Results The 320-CT scan showed that in the monkeys, the vertebral artery enters the cervical spine through the intervertebral foramina at C6, and leaves the cervical spine at C2 level, and the cervical spine has Luschka joint, which is similar to the anatomic structure in humans. The diameter of left and right vertebral arteries was 1.89±0.44 mm and 1.72±0.39 mm, respectively, with no significant difference between them in the same segment (P>0.05), and the size of transverse foramen also had no significant difference in the same segment (P>0.05). Color Doppler ultrasound showed that the left and right side systolic peak velocity (PSV) and diastolic peak velocity (EDV) of CCA and ICA, the left and right side systolic peak velocity (PSV) of ECA and VA had statistically significant difference (P<0.05), and the left arteries were predominant in the macaques. Conclusions In this study we obtained some imaging information of vertebral artery morphology and artery blood flow of macaques and these information may provide some useful basic data for further studies using rhesus macaques as animal models.