基因修饰工具猪模型的建立及应用

基因修饰工具动物模型是指对已知基因加以修饰建立的，能够作为工具，从而帮助实现其他目的基因修饰动物模型。工具动物模型在生物学研究和生物医药开发中具有非常重要的作用，尤其是基因修饰动物模型在基因功能和信号通路等生物学基础研究方面做出了突出贡献。猪不仅是重要的农业经济动物，由于猪在器官结构、大小以及生理代谢方面与人更加接近，因此，猪也是比较理想的生物医药大动物模型。近几年，由于基因编辑技术的突破，工具猪模型的建立取得了引人注目的进展，人们已先后培育出了细胞多能性示踪工具猪模型，如细胞谱系示踪工具猪模型，可用于重组酶介导的基因交换工具猪模型，免疫缺陷猪模型以及可用于体内基因编辑的基因修饰工具猪模型，这些工具猪已逐渐得到推广应用。本文重点拟对具有广泛用途的基因修饰工具猪模型的研究进展和应用进行综述。

Establishment and application of genetically modified pig tool models

Genetically modified tool animal models are the animal models, which are generated by modifying a defined gene and can be used as a tool to help realize other objective. Genetically modified large animals have wide applications in agriculture and biomedicine. Tool animal models play important role in biological research and development of new drugs in biomedicine,especially, have made tremendous contribution in revealing gene function and pathway of signal transduction.Pigs are not only an economically important agriculture animals, but also an ideal animal model in biomedicine due to its close similarity to human in physiology, as well as organ structure and size.Thanks to the breakthrough of newly emerged gene editing technology,striking progress has made in establishment of genetically modified tool pig models which include the ones used for monitoring pluripotency of cells, tracing cell lineages, replacing genes mediated by Cre recombinase, mimicking immunodeficiency,as well as gene editing in vivo.These tool models have been widely applied in biological research.Here, we will review the progress in generation of genetically modified tool pig models and their applications.