| 摘 要： | It is now well established that among the penicillins and cephalosporins,one of the most important mechanisms of resistance is the production of theenzyme,β-lactamase.This enzyme is widely distributed among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative bacteria and in recent years the frequency of β-lactamaseproducing strains in many important pathogens bas increased significantly.Table 1 shows the frequency of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcusanreus in the Outpatients Department of one London hospital. It willbe seen that more than 80％ of these isolates are now penicillin-resistantwhich means they are also resistant to ampicillin,amoxycillin and to otherpenicillins.No longer can we say that β-lactamase-producing Staph.aureusare confined to the hospital.
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