Microbubble Formulations: Synthesis,Stability, Modeling and Biomedical Applications |
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Authors: | Awaneesh Upadhyay Sameer V Dalvi |
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Institution: | Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India |
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Abstract: | Microbubbles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications such as ultrasonic imaging and targeted drug delivery. Microbubbles typically range from 0.1 to 10 µm in size and consist of a protective shell made of lipids or proteins. The shell encapsulates a gaseous core containing gases such as oxygen, sulfur hexafluoride or perfluorocarbons. This review is a consolidated account of information available in the literature on research related to microbubbles. Efforts have been made to present an overview of microbubble synthesis techniques; microbubble stability; microbubbles as contrast agents in ultrasonic imaging and drug delivery vehicles; and side effects related to microbubble administration in humans. Developments related to the modeling of microbubble dissolution and stability are also discussed. |
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Keywords: | Microbubbles Lipids Proteins Contrast enhancement Targeted drug delivery Stability Dissolution Modeling Immunogenicity Ostwald ripening Cancer therapeutic |
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