广州市224家工业企业主要职业病危害状况调查

目的了解广州市工业企业职业病危害状况,为职业病防治规划工作提供基础依据。方法参照卫生部编制的职业卫生调查表,以接受职业卫生监督管理的工业企业为对象,对包括企业基本情况、职业卫生管理、职业病危害防治措施、职业健康检查、作业场所职业病危害因素监测等5个方面进行调查。结果224家工厂共185 115名工人中接触职业病危害因素人数42 022人,占22.70%,接触物理性职业病危害因素工人的比例较高,达69.68%、接触化学因素为42.74%、接触粉尘为40.90%;民营企业工人接触职业病危害因素所占比例较高,达48.89%。行业分布以机械、化工、船舶三个行业中接触职业病危害因素的工人所占比例较高,分别为35.20%、33.24%、25.54%,不同行业中的主要职业病危害因素有所不同。接触职业病危害因素工人的职业健康受检率偏低,仅为58.13%,异常检出率为8.98%。作业场所职业病危害因素检测点超标率为23.84%,其中粉尘、化学、物理因素超标率分别为1.00%、15.18%、47.91%。结论广州市工厂企业职业病危害仍处于较高水平,应进一步加强预防控制工作。

Investigation of Occupational Hazards among 224 Manufactories in Guangzhou City

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards existed in Guangzhou manufactories and to know the priority of prevention and control of occupational hazards.Methods 224 manufactories in 5 industries superintended by Guangzhou Institute of Health Supervision were investigated with the occupational health questionnaire designed by the Ministry of Health.The information,including the enterprise basic data,the occupational health management,the preventive and control measures against occupational hazards,the occupational health surveillance,and the environmental monitoring data were collected.Results There were 42 022 workers exposed to occupational hazards among 185 115 workers in 224 factories,69.68%,42.74% and 40.90% workers exposed to physical factors,chemical factors and dust,respectively.There were 48.89% workers in the private enterprise exposed to occupational hazards.There were 35.20%,33.24% and 25.54% workers in machinery,chemical and shipbuilding industry exposed to occupational hazards,respectively.The types of occupational hazards varied among different industries.About 58.13% exposed workers have received occupational health surveillance service and among them 8.98% workers were found abnormal.The non-compliance rate of environmental monitoring at workplaces was 23.84% totally and 1.00% for dust,15.18% for chemicals and 47.91% for physical factors,respectively.Conclusion Occupational hazards in Guangzhou enterprises are still grievous,preventive and control measures should be further enhanced.