我国西沙群岛鼠形动物和吸血昆虫的鉴定并首次记述按蚊和蠓

目的 研究我国西沙群岛有害的鼠形动物和吸血昆虫的种类和分布情况，为当地传染病防控提供资料。 方法 2013年11月至12月和2014年2月至3月两次赴我国海南省西沙群岛的永兴岛和石岛，用鼠笼和诱蚊灯采集鼠形动物和吸血昆虫，结合形态和分子特征进行种类鉴定。 结果 捕获鼠形动物3种共计160只，分别为：褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和鼩鼱，优势种为褐家鼠（61.25%）。捕获的315只蚊成虫隶属4属5种，优势种是骚扰阿蚊（52.38%），按蚊经分子鉴定为浅色按蚊B。捕获蠓成虫121只，隶属3亚科4属8种，帛琉库蠓为优势种（61.98%）。 结论 共发现西沙群岛的永兴岛和石岛的鼠形动物3种，蚊5种，蠓8种，其中按蚊和蠓均为西沙群岛首次记述，斑美铗蠓和泥泽铗蠓是我国的新记录种。

Identification of rodents and blood-sucking insects in Xisha Islands of China and the first report of Anopheles mosquitoes and midges

Objective To study the species and distribution of rodents and blood-sucking insects in Xisha Islands of China, so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of infectious diseases in the area. Methods Using mouse cages and light trap, we collected rodents and blood-sucking insects (mosquito and midge) in Yongxing and Shi Islands (two islands of China's Xisha Islands) during November to December in 2013 and February to March in 2014. The specimens were identified by morphologic characters and molecular markers. Results A total of 160 rodent individuals, belonging to 3 species, were captured: Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi and Sorex sp, with Rattus norvegicu (61.25%) being the dominant species. The 315 collected mosquito samples belonged to 4 genera and 5 species, with the dominant species being Armigeres subalbatus (52.38%). The Anopheles mosquito was identified as Anopheles subpictus cytotype B by ITS2 sequence. The 121 collected midges belonged to 3 subfamilies, 4 genera and 8 species, with Culicoides peliliouensis (61.98%) being the dominant species. Conclusion The species numbers of rodents, mosquitoes, and midges in Yongxing and Shi Islands are 3, 5, and 8, respectively. This is the first record of Anopheles mosquitoes and midges in the area, and Forcipomyia (Lepidohelea) chrysolopha and Forcipomyia (Schizoforcipomyia) borbonicawere are firstly recorded in China.