幼儿园保教人员的儿童忽视相关知识、态度及行为现况调查研究

目的了解幼儿园保教人员的儿童忽视相关知识、态度及行为现况,为开展适宜的防治儿童忽视的健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对东莞、惠州、中山、佛山市的15所幼儿园的198名保教人员进行儿童忽视相关知识、态度及行为现况调查。结果仅21.4%的保教人员听说过儿童忽视也知道内容;36.5%的保教人员以前从来没有获得过防治儿童忽视的知识;90.9%～98.4%的保教人员需要、也愿意接受并认为应该进行防治儿童忽视的教育和宣传;保教人员对孩子经常的行为:80.8%温情/理解、40.4%严厉、27.8%过度保护、18.2%过分干涉;保教人员对孩子从来没有的行为:75.3%从未恐吓过、52.5%从未过分干涉过、52.0%从未惩罚过、37.4%从未否认过;92.2%的保教人员愿意为防治儿童忽视做力所能及的事情;保教人员认为儿童忽视的主要发生地点:86.8%家庭、59.5%幼儿园、32.6%公共场合;保教人员认为保护3～6岁儿童的责任应是:87.9%家长、84.3%幼儿园保教人员、46.9%政府;保教人员认为目前防治儿童忽视的教育未普及的可能原因:56.8%政府及社会不重视、53.6%没有成立相应的专业机构、59.8%家长或保教人员本身缺乏相应知识、36.4%社会/医疗和教育机构宣传不力;93.2%的保教人员呼吁应该成立相应的防治儿童忽视的机构、法律援助机构或立法保护儿童。结论幼儿园保教人员的儿童忽视相关知识匮乏,相关健康教育远远不够,但他们对其态度是肯定的,且迫切需求关于儿童忽视的健康教育。应加强对幼儿园保教人员的儿童忽视的健康教育,同时呼吁政府、社会对儿童忽视加以关注,建立儿童忽视培训和报告体系,并成立相应的防治儿童忽视的机构。

A Cross-sectional Survey on the Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior towards Child Neglect among Kindergarten Faculty Members

Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of child neglect among the kindergarten faculty members in Guangdong Province.Methods A total of 198 kindergarten faculty members from four cities(Dongguan,Huizhou,Zhongshan,and Foshan) in Guangdong Province completed self-designed questionnaires concerning the knowledge,attitude and behavior on child neglect.Results Only 21.4% of the faculty members of kindergartens had a good knowledge of child neglect,and 36.5% had never heard about this term.About 98.4% of the surveyed kindergarten faculty members were willing to learn more about child neglect and 90.9%~98.4% of them agreed that education on child neglect was necessary.Furthermore,92.2% of them were willing to do something on child neglect.The frequent behaviors of the kindergarten faculty members toward children included warmth/ understanding(80.8%),scolding(40.4%),excessive protection(27.8%),and excessive interference(18.2%).The following behaviors had never been conducted:gallow(75.3%),excessive interference(52.5%),castigation(52.0%),and deny(37.4%).Child neglect were believed to more likely to take place included family(86.8%),kindergarten(59.5%),and public places(32.6%).It was believed that the responsibility of protecting children aged 3~6 years should be rested on parents/carers(87.9%),kindergarten faculty members(84.3%),and government(46.9%).The causes of low awareness of child neglect was believed to be:indifference of government/society(56.8%),lack of specialist agencies(53.6%),parents/carers or kindergarten faculty members lack of knowledge(59.8%),and inadequate publicity of society/medical and educational establishments(36.4%).About 93.2% of the kindergarten faculty members appealed to found institutions for the prevention and treatment of child neglect and meanwhile provide more legal aids.Conclusion Most kindergarten faculty members in Guangdong Province have poor awareness,knowledge,and behavior towards child neglect but express strong wishes to enhance the practices in the prevention and management of child neglect.Health education on child neglect should be enhanced and more integrated interventions should be applied.