母亲孕期及产后口腔行为干预对低龄儿童患龋影响的研究

目的 评价对母亲孕期及产后口腔行为干预控制低龄儿童龋发生的有效性.方法 选取110名妊娠期4~9月的孕妇及其所生孩子为干预对象,分别在孕期、儿童1岁时和2岁时3个阶段对其进行个性化口腔健康指导,每隔6个月定期回访,记录儿童牙齿萌出情况、患龋情况和早期龋的发生,并对儿童饮食喂养习惯进行问卷调查.对照组是选择月龄为11 ~14月的母子为研究对象,每隔6个月定期回访,进行口腔检查和问卷调查.结果 经过2年纵向观察,干预组儿童1岁时和2岁时失访率分别为2.7%和12.7%,而对照组儿童2岁时失访率为10.0%.干预组儿童1岁时龋齿发病率为0.9%,龋均为0.02,其中早期龋发病率为1.9%,均显著低于对照组儿童;2岁时儿童龋齿发病率为3.1%,龋均为0.07,其中早期龋发病率为6.3%,均显著低于对照组儿童.2岁时儿童问卷调查结果显示,6个月开始刷牙、1岁前断奶、吃甜食频率、饮水频率以及是否含奶瓶入睡习惯与龋齿发生有重要关系,其中吃甜食频率影响最强.经卡方检验,干预组与对照组之间均有显著差异(P<0.05).结论 通过对母亲孕期及产后进行长期的口腔健康行为干预,降低了低龄儿童龋的发生率,改善了母亲对婴幼儿的饮食喂养习惯和口腔护理行为,同时高频摄取甜食是儿童患龋的重要易感因素.

Effect of oral health behavior intervention of pregnancy and postpartum women on early childhood caries.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oral health behavior intervention of pregnancy and postpartum women on early childhood caries. Methods A total of 110 pregnant women who were in 4 to 9 months pregnancy and their children were included as the intervention group in the first phase of this study. The one-year-old infants in the second phase and two-years-old infants in the third phase were recalled every 6 months and received individual prophylactic care. The results of dental examination,including teeth eruption,caries prevalence,early enamel white spot prevalence and the questionnaire survey for diet habits were recorded. The control group included 110 mother-child couples aged 11-14 months. Results In the one-year-old intervention group, the caries incidence was 0.9%, dmft 0.02, and the white spot rate 1.9% which was significantly lower than those of the control group. At two years, the caries incidence of the intervention group was 3.1%,dmft 0.07and the white spot rate 6.3% significantly lower than the control group. The two-years-old infants started brushing teeth at 6 months,weaning before one year old. The frequency of eating sweet foods and drinking water,and containing milk bottle when falling asleep was related to the incidence of early childhood caries, and the frequency of eating sweet foods was the most important factor. Conclusion The oral health behavior intervention on mothers and children reduced the incidence of early childhood caries.