陕西省流行性乙型脑炎疫苗接种及知信行调查分析

目的分析陕西省流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)预防控制和乙脑疫苗接种现状,为制定乙脑预防控制策略提供思路。方法采用整群抽样法对宝鸡市6个县的3 781名儿童及家长进行问卷调查。结果9～21月龄、3岁、7岁乙脑疫苗基础免疫2针接种率分别为:33.17%、93.50%、91.27%,完成2、3、4针合格接种率分别为31.67%、28.63%、2.70%。家长不知道要接种、不知道接种时间、提供接种次数少是未接种及未及时接种的主要原因。3 781位儿童家长中有56.01%的人听说过乙脑,但其对乙脑的危害、传播途径及如何预防等知识知晓率偏低,61.17%人听说过乙脑疫苗,但仅有11.24%的家长知道乙脑疫苗第1针接种月龄。结论目前乙脑疫苗基础免疫接种不及时,合格接种率低,儿童家长对乙脑预防控制知识知晓率偏低,今后应提高乙脑疫苗的合格接种率,加大宣传力度,提高民众的主动防病意识。

Analysis of Japanese B Encephalitis Vaccination and a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Survey in Shaanxi Province

Objective In order to provide information about control and prevention Japanese B Encephalitis(JE),we analyzed status about control and prevention of JE in Shaanxi Province.Method Using group random sampling,3781 children and householders from six counties were interviewed in BaoJi area.Results The rate of primary vaccination of JE that age group within 921 months,3 years,7 years were 33.17%,93.50%,and 91.27% respectively,and the rate of full-course vaccination of JE were 31.67%,28.63%,and 2.70% respectively at the same age group.The reasons that children were not vaccinated or not timely vaccinated mainly included that,not know to vaccinate,not know when to vaccinate,and provided less number of vaccination times;Within 3 781 householders investigated,56.01% respondents heard of JE disease,but they mostly did not know the harm of JE,how JE was transmitted and how to control and prevent.61.17%(2 313)of 3 781 people heard of JE vaccine,11.24% of 2 313 respondents know the vaccination schedule of the first dose to their children.Conclusions At present,primary vaccination of JE was not in time,and the rate of full-course vaccination was low,the awareness rate for knowledge about prevention JE was not enough.So we should strengthen propaganda about JE to improve people's consciousness on prevention JE.