脑小血管病的发病机制和临床特点

脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease，SVD)是脑血管病的一个重要亚型，也是导致老年血管性认知障碍或痴呆的主要原因之一。SVD是由多种原因导致的脑皮质下微小动静脉病变，主要引起皮质下腔隙性梗死、白质损害、微出血等病理学改变。有证据表明，血管内皮功能和血脑屏障损害可导致小血管结构和血管周围改变，可能是引起SVD的初始因素。遗传易感性亦是不可忽视的危险因素之一。

Pathogenesis and clinical features of cerebral small vessel disease

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an important subtype of cerebrovascular disease. It is also one of the major reasons for resulting in vascular cognitive impairment or dementia in the elderly. SVD is a small arteriovenous lesion in subcortex caused by a variety of causes, mainly causing subcortical lacunar infarction, white matter damage, microblecds and other pathological changes. There is evidence that vascular endothelial function and blood-brain barrier damage may result in small vessel structures and perivascular changes, which may be the initial factors.of causing SVD. Genetic susceptibility is also one of the risk factors that can not be ignored.