云南边境地区蚊虫群落及地理生态位研究

目的：对云南省１５个边境县市蚊虫群落的优势种及分布、集中性指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数和地理生态位进行了分析。方法：捕蚊、白天采用人工诱捕法，夜间吸蚊器捕捉，结果：农村畜圈及人房周围夜间活动蚊虫优势种共６种，包括三带喙库蚊、棕头库蚊、霜背库蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、中华按蚊和迷走按蚊；野外竹林树林白天活动蚊虫优势种共５种，分别为：白纹伊蚊、伪白纹伊蚊、圆斑伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊和骚扰阿蚊，蚊虫多样性指数变化顺序：农村畜圈及人房周围生态，沧源（２．０９２０）＞瑞丽（２．０３５５）＞盈江（１．９５２１）＞景洪（１．８１９３）＞马关（１．７２３４）＞耿马（１．６８５７）＞勐腊（１．６７１７）＞金平（１．６７０９）＞双江（１．６４８８）＞孟连（１．６４４４）＞勐海（１．５６８８）＞畹町（１．４６１６）＞河口（１．７４４７）＞沧源（１．６５７６）＞耿马）＞保山（１．２３６４）；野外竹林树林生态，河口（２．１６３０）＞景洪（１．９３５５）＞勐腊（１．７４４７）＞沧源（１．６７５６）＞耿马（１．６７３４）＞盈江（１．６２５８）＞潞西（１．６０１５）＞畹町（１．５９４８）＞瑞丽（１．５３１８）＞勐腊（１．１６１９）＞勐海（１．０５６１）。各地蚊虫多样性指数差异无显著性。结论：夜间活动蚊虫中、致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊及伪杂鳞库蚊地理生态位宽度最大，分别为：０．８５８６、０．８３８２和０．８０１５；白天活动蚊虫中，白纹伊蚊地理生态位宽度最大（０．８９５５）。

Study on the Mosquito Communities and the Geographical Nic he of Border Area in Yunnan Province

Objective:To study on the mosquito communities and the geographical niche of border area in Yunnan province. Methods:Alluring by man body in day time and traping by trapper at night. Results:The mosquito communities were investigated in 15 border counties in Yunnan. The results showed that there were 6 dominant species of night-actived mosquitoes around domestic animal and human house in the rural area and 5 dominant species of day-actived mosquitoes in the groves of bamboo and woods. They were: Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Culex pseudovishnui, Culex fuscocephala, Culex whitmorei, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles vagus,Aedes albopictus,Aedes pseudabopictus,Aedes annandale,Aedes vexans and Armigeres subalbatus . The diversity index of night-actived mosquito communities were:Cangyuan( 2.092 0 ),Ruili( 2.035 5 ),Yingjiang( 1.952 1 ),Jinghong( 1.819 3 ), Maguan( 1.723 4 ), Genma( 1.685 7 ), Mengla( 1.671 7 ), Jingping( 1.670 9 ), Shuangjiang( 1.648 8 ), Menglian( 1.644 4 ),Menghai( 1.568 8 ),Wangding( 1.461 6 ),Hekou( 1.427 1 ),Luxi( 1.294 0 ) and Baoshang( 1.236 4 ). The diversity index of day-actived mosquito communities were: Hekou( 2.163 0 ), Jinghong( 1.935 5 ), Mengla( 1.744 7 ), Cangyuan( 1.675 6 ), Genma( 1.673 4 ), Yingjiang( 1.625 8 ), Luxi( 1.601 5 ), Wangding( 1.594 8 ), Ruili( 1.531 8 ), Menglian( 1.161 9 ) and Menghai ( 1.056 1 ). Conclusion:The biggest geographical niche breadth to night-actived mosquitoes was Culex pipiengsquinque fasciatus( 0.858 6 ), Culex tritaeniorhchus ( 0.838 2 ), Culex pseudovishnui ( 0.801 5 ) and the biggest geographical niche breadth to day-actived mosquitoes was Aedes albopictus ( 0.895 5 ).