髋关节置换术后迟发性感染的诊断与治疗

目的探讨髋关节置换术后迟发性感染的诊断和治疗方法。方法对1998年3月至2004年4月收治的11例髋关节置换术后迟发性感染病例进行回顾性分析。男4例,女7例;年龄49￣81岁,平均66岁。11例患者均有疼痛症状,感染距初次手术的时间9￣96个月,平均25.5个月。5例有窦道,8例C反应蛋白增高,9例血沉增快,10例X线片有包括骨溶解、假体松动、新骨形成等阳性表现;行窦道造影检查2例,均发现窦道的近端与关节假体相通。关节穿刺1例,细菌培养结果阴性,术中取标本行细菌培养仍为阴性;同位素99mTc骨扫描1例,发现围绕假体周围均匀的放射性核素浓聚;细菌培养阳性9例,阴性2例。一期翻修8例,其中普通骨水泥固定1例,抗生素骨水泥固定7例;二期翻修3例,在取出假体、彻底清创后,分别放置了三种临时假体间隔器(抗生素骨水泥团、庆大霉素链珠、多孔可灌注Spacer各1例),感染控制后,安放翻修假体,抗生素骨水泥固定。结果术中股骨干骨折1例,无关节脱位、神经血管损伤、静脉血栓等并发症发生。11例患者的感染都得到控制,随访8～72个月,平均29.3个月,感染未见复发。结论髋关节置换术后迟发性感染尚无100%的特异性检查,需要对患者的病史、体征及实验室检查、影像学检查、病原学以及病理学检查结果进行综合分析,才能作出正确的诊断;根据个体情况,选择相应的手术方式是治疗成功的关键。

Diagnosis and treatment of delayed infection after hip arthroplasty

Objective To investigate the methods of diagnosis and treatment for delayed infection after hip arthroplasty. Methods From March 1998 to April 2004, 11 patients with delayed infection after hip arthroplasty were analyzed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 7 females with average of 66 years, ranging from 49 to 81 years. The interval between infection and primary hip arthroplasty varied from 9 to 96 months(mean 25.5 months). Pain is the most common symptom in all patients with an infected hip arthroplasty. Abnormal ESR was observed in 9 cases. The increase of CRP was found in 8 patients, and fistula occurred in 5 patients. Radiography findings, such as loosening, osteolysis, and endosteal scalloping, are present on 10 patients. One-stage exchange arthroplasty was performed in 8 patients, among whom 7 prostheses with antibiotic-impregnated cement and one with plain cement for fixation were chosen. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty was performed in 3 patients. After thorough irrigation and debridement of the infected joint and the removal of the femoral and acetabular components, a temporary spacer with irrigation device and antibiotic-loaded beads or a bulb were inserted between the first and second stage. The interval was a minimum of 4 weeks. During the delayed reconstruction, the final prostheses were fixed with antibiotic-loaded cement after the infection was eliminated. Results All 11 patients were followed up for a period of 8 to 72 months. Fracture of femoral shaft happened during the debridement in one patient. None of recurrent infection was found during the average 29.3 months follow-up. Conclusion No test is 100 percent specific; therefore, the diagnosis of infection relies on the patients' history, and the physical examination findings, and the lab test combined with results of imaging study, etiology as well as pathology. The key to success is that the treatment must be tailored to the patients' status.