汶川大地震重灾区中学生震后心理状况

目的 了解汶川大地震后3个月重灾区中学生的心理状况.方法 选取汶川大地震重灾区3所中学共38个班级的1966名学生,采用创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD)症状清单平民版筛查PTSD阳性,同时采用领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale, PSSS)判断领悟社会支持程度.结果 共收回有效问卷1958份.PTSD筛查总阳性率为78.29%(1533/1958).女生PTSD阳性率为82.30%(851/1034),高于男生[73.92%(683/924),χ~2=20.22,P<0.01];少数民族学生PTSD阳性率为80.27%(1375/1713),高于汉族学生[64.98%(154/237),χ~2=28.75,P<0.01];农村学生FISD阳性率为83.52%(872/1044),高于城镇学生[72.43%(662/914),χ~2=35.37,P<0.01];地震中受伤者PTSD阳性率为90.38%(94/104),高于未受伤者[77.66%(1439/1853),χ~2=9.40,P<0.01].研究对象领悟家庭内支持和领悟社会支持总体程度较高,得分中位数分别为21分和60分,领悟家庭外支持处于中等水平,得分中位数为39分.研究对象PTSD严重程度与总体领悟社会支持、领悟家庭内支持、领悟家庭外支持的得分之间存在线性负相关(r值分别为-0.191、-0.130、-0.190,P值均<0.01).结论 重灾区中学生灾后PTSD阳性率高,且不同特征学生症状与严重程度不同,良好的社会支持能减少PTSD的发生.

Mental health status among middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake region

Objective To investigate mental health status among middle school students in Wenchuan earthquake region three months after the earthquake. Methods 38 classes of 3 middle schools in the disaster region were selected and 1966 students were invited to participate the investigation. The post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-civilian version was used to screen positive PTSD, and the perceived social support scale (PSSS) was used to evaluate the level of perceived social support. Results 1958 valid questionnaires were selected. The general positive rate of PTSD was 78. 29% (1533/1958). PTSD prevalence of the girls was 82. 30% (851/1034), higher than that of the boys (73.92% (683/924),χ~2 = 20. 22,P < 0. 01) ; the rate of the minority students was 80. 27% (1375/1713), higher than that of the Han students (64. 98% (1.54/237), χ~2= 28.75, P < 0. 01) ; the rate of the rural students was 83.52% (872/1044), higher than that of the urban students (72.43% (662/914), χ~2= 35.37, P < 0. 01) ; the rate of those who were injured in the quake was 90. 38% (94/104) ,higher than that of the uninjured(77.66% (1439/1853), χ~2= 9. 40, P < 0. 01). The level of perceived social support and family support of the subjects was high while outside family support was average. The medians of the score were 21,60 and 39, respectively. The severity of PTSD was negatively correlated with perceived social support, and perceived support within and outside family (r values were -0. 191, -0. 130 and -0. 190 respectively,all P values < 0. 01). Conclusion The incidence rate of PTSD is high among the middle school students in disaster region.The symptoms and severity of PTSD are different in the middle school students with different characteristics. Moreover, the more perceived social support they obtain, the better health status they keep.