c-TCD阳性的隐源性卒中的临床及影像学特点

目的 分析经颅多普勒发泡试验（contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler，c-TCD）阳性的隐源性卒中患者的临床特点及梗死灶影像特征。方法 纳入我院2013年1月-2016年12月根据TOAST分型诊断为隐源性缺血性卒中的患者，根据c-TCD结果分为阳性组（伴右向左分流）及阴性组（不伴右向左分流）。分析并比较两组人口学资料、脑血管病传统危险因素、梗死灶影像学等方面的特点。结果 共纳入113例患者，其中阳性组60例，阴性组53例。经食管超声心动图（transesoph agealechocardiography，TEE）及肺动脉计算机断层扫描（computed tomography，CT）血管造影，阳性组52例发现卵圆孔未闭（patent foramen ovale，PFO），1例发现房间隔缺损。阴性组对比阳性组，其年龄结构更大（P＜0.05），高血压病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟3项缺血性卒中相关危险因素更多见（P＜0.05）。阳性组与阴性组无明显传统危险因素的病例比较，差异有显著性（P＜0.01）；两组梗死病灶血管分布影像学比较，差异无显著性（P＞0.05）；阳性组梗死病灶好发于皮层/皮层下区域（P =0.004），而阴性组则好发于深部灰质区域（P =0.015）。结论 c -TCD阳性的隐源性卒中发病年龄更低，传统脑血管病危险因素（高血压病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟）更少，c-TCD阳性组梗死病灶相对c-TCD阴性组血管分布差异无显著性，但梗死病灶更好发于皮层/皮层下区域。

Clinical and Imaging Features of c-TCD Positive Cryptogenic Stroke

Objective To analyze the clinic features and radiologic characteristics of cryptogenic stroke patients with positive contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (c-TCD) examination. Methods Subjects diagnosed as cryptogenic stroke by TOAST subtypes were recruited consecutively from patients who were hospitalized in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. Subjects were divided into two groups: c-TCD positive group (with right to left shunt) and c-TCD negative group(without right to left shunt). Demographic characteristics, common risk factors of cerebrovascular disease, radiologic features of infarct focus were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 113 subjects were enrolled, including 60 ones in c-TCD positive group and 53 ones in c-TCD negative group. Using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography, 52 in c-TCD positive group were diagnosed with patent foramen ovale (PFO), and 1 was diagnosed with atrial septal defect. Compared to the c-TCD positive group, the negative group was older (P<0.05), and had more risk factors including blood hypertension, high hypercholesteremia, and smoking (P<0.05). The difference of cases with no traditional risk factors between c-TCD positive and negative groups was significant (P<0.01). The two groups showed no significant difference in responsible vessels (P>0.05). Infarct foci in c-TCD positive group were more likely to be in cortical or subcortical area (P=0.004), while in negative group, they were more likely to be in deep grey matter (P=0.015). Conclusion Cryptogenic stroke patients with c-TCD positive tended to be younger, with less traditional risk factors (blood hypertension, high hypercholesteremia and smoking). There were no significant differences in responsible vessels between c-TCD positive and negative groups. Infarct foci in c-TCD positive group were more likely to be in cortical or subcortical area.