缺血性卒中危险因素及4种卒中风险评分中的性别差异

卒中的发生风险存在性别差异，可能与某些生理因素及男女对同一危险因素体现的卒中易感性不同有关。常用卒中风险评分多基于危险因素制定，但大多未纳入性别因素，可能造成其预测效度出现性别偏倚。本文就缺血性卒中的危险因素及4种典型卒中风险评分[CHADS2（Congestive heartfailure，Hypertension，Age≥75，Diabetes，Stroke）、CHA2DS2-VASc（Congestive heart failure，Hypertension，Age≥75，Diabetes，Stroke，Vascular disease，Age 65～74，Sex category）、艾森卒中风险（Essen StrokeRisk Score，ESRS）评分、ABCD2（Age，Blood pressure，Clinical features，Duration，Diabetes）评分]预测效度的性别差异予以综述。

Gender Differences in Risk Factors and Four Risk Scores of Ischemic Stroke

Gender differences lie in the occurrence risk of stroke, which is associated with some physiological factors, as well as different stroke susceptibilities to the same risk factor between male and female. Frequently used stroke risk scores are mostly based on risk factors, whereas gender has not been included in most scores, which might lead to gender bias of predictive validity. Therefore, this paper reviews gender differences in risk factors and evaluative validity of the four typical risk predictive scores of ischemic stroke [including CHADS2 (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age≥75, Diabetes, Stroke) score, CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age≥75, Diabetes, Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65-74, Sex category) score, Essen Stroke Risk score (ESRS) and ABCD2 (Age, Blood pressure, Clinical features, Duration, Diabetes) score].