Hyperventilation and anxiety: alcohol withdrawal symptoms decreasing with prolonged abstinence |
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| Authors: | S M Roelofs G M Dikkenberg |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Clinic for Psychiatry Vrapce, Bolnicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Youth Zagreb, Kukuljeviceva 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;4. Psychiatric Hospital Dr Ivan Brbot, Popovaca, Croatia;2. School of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children''s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;5. Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania;6. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | We previously presented evidence that hyperventilatory and anxiety symptoms are the result of physically dependent alcohol use rather than a premorbid condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged abstinence versus resumption of dependent drinking on those symptoms. Two questionnaires (a hyperventilation complaint checklist and Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory) were presented twice to 15 ss, once during an inpatient treatment and once after a median followup period of 17 months. Six ss were abstinent for the entire period, 3 were abstinent with 1 or 2 slips and 6 ss were drinking in a dependent way again for at least 6 months. In the abstinent or abstinent-with-slips group, a significant decrease over time in hyperventilatory symptoms and trait (but not state) anxiety could be found, whereas in the dependent drinking group there was a significant increase in hyperventilatory symptoms and state (but not trait) anxiety. An extended followup in 5 abstinent ss showed a continued decrease in those symptoms. These results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that hyperventilation and anxiety are part of a subacute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. |
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