青年良性阵发性位置性眩晕临床特征分析

目的 探讨青年良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析2009年8月-2011年7月确诊的40例青年(≤40岁)BPPV患者的临床特征,并与同期诊治的286例中老年(＞40岁)患者的临床特点进行比较.结果 青年BPPV患者比例相对较高(12.3％),男女比例1∶3,年龄17～40(32.1±6.2)岁,潜伏时间1.2±1.3s,无明显潜伏期者10例(25％),眩晕发作持续时间中位值10s;半规管受累多见(27例,67.5％)；40例患者中6例为壶腹嵴顶耳石症,且均为后半规管受累,其余34例为半规管耳石症.与中老年BPPV比较,青年BPPV患者无明显潜伏期者比例较高(25.0％vs11.5％,x2=5.554,P=0.018),而性别构成、病程、受累半规管比例、眩晕发作前潜伏时间、眩晕持续时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 青年BPPV发病率相对较高,女性多见,后半规管受累常见.与中老年BPPV相比,青年BPPV中无明显潜伏期患者的比例较高,且壶腹嵴顶耳石症以累及后半规管者为多.

Clinical analysis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in youth

Objective To explore the clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) in patients of 40 years old or younger.Methods The clinical features of 40 patients(age ≤40 years) with BPPV admitted from August 2009 to July 2011 were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with that of 286 middle and old-aged patients(age >40 years) with BPPV admitted in the same period.Results The incidence of BPPV in young patients showed a relatively higher incidence(12.3%),with the sex ratio of male to female 1:3 and a mean age of 32.1±6.2 years.The mean latent period of vertigo attack was 1.2±1.3 seconds,and 10 patients(25%) showed no obvious latent period.The median duration of vertigo was 10s.The posterior semicircular canal was involved in 27 patients(67.5%).Cupulolithiasis was found in 6 patients,and all the otolithiasis was found to involve the posterior semicircular canal.The proportion of BPPV with no obvious latency was higher in the young patients than in the middle and old-aged patients(25.0% vs 11.5%,χ2=5.554,P=0.018),but no significant difference in sex ratio,the course of disease,the ratio of involved semicircular canal,the latency and the duration of vertigo attack was found between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The incidence of BPPV is relatively higher in youth,more common in females,and the posterior semicircular canal is commonly involved.Compared with the middle and old-aged patients with BPPV,the proportion patients with no obvious latency of vertigo attack in young patients is higher,and the incidence of cupulolithiasis involving posterior semicircular canal is higher in the youth.