Multimorbidity patterns and associations with functional limitations among an aging population in prison |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CJ2300, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia;2. The Graduate Center for Gerontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States;3. University of North Carolina Regional Physicians Occupational Health & Wellness, High Point, NC, United States;4. Lexington Public Library, Lexington, KY, United States;1. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children''s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;2. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;3. Mater Research Institute-UQ, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;4. Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;5. Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King''s College London, London, UK;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, USA;2. Rhode Island Department of Health, USA;3. Rhode Island Department of Corrections, USA;1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;2. National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain;3. Research Network on Health Services and Chronicity (REDISSEC), Spain;4. Research Unit of Galdakao-Usansolo Hospital, Bilbao, Spain;5. National Centre of Epidemiology and Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain;1. JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, China;2. Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet–Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Neurology, Jining No. 1 People''s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China;4. Xing Long Zhuang Hospital, Shandong Yankuang Group, Jining, Shandong, China;5. Department of Geriatrics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy;6. Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China;1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesCo-occurring chronic diseases are associated with functional limitations, particularly for the aging population ≥50 years old. Aging offenders (individual who are imprisoned) tend to have greater prevalence of chronic, mental health, and substance use disorders compared to non-imprisoned populations. Our primary aim was to determine patterns of co-occurring conditions associated with functional limitations among aging offenders.Materials and methodsWe included all male offenders from one correctional system who were ≥50 years old (n = 2270) and extracted diagnoses for chronic diseases, mental health, substance use disorders, and functional limitations from an electronic health record. We performed a principal factor analysis (PFA) to identify patterns and chi-square to determine if the multimorbid population (≥3 diagnoses) differed from peer groups in regard to functional limitations.ResultsThree patterns (chronic diseases, geriatric conditions, and mental health/substance use) emerged from PFA. Functional limitations were associated with the chronic disease pattern (p = .03) where the multimorbid group compared to non-multimorbid peers had 1.5 odds, 95% CI [1.0, 2.1], for having a physical impairment. The geriatric (p = .10) and mental health/substance use disorders (p = .07) patterns were not associated with having a functional limitation compared to the population without multiple diagnoses. Controlling for multimorbidity, functional limitations, and overlapping patterns, increasing age was the only significant factor (p = .02) associated with having a physical impairment.ConclusionThe chronic disease pattern was consistent with investigations that included non-imprisoned populations. However, the geriatric pattern was not significant, which was unexpected. |
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| Keywords: | Chronic disease Corrections Aging Multimorbidity Disability Risk factors |
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