北京地区3 236例过敏性疾病患者血清过敏原的季节差异分析

［摘要］〖HTH〗目的〖HTSS〗探讨北京地区不同季节过敏原检测患者人群差异及过敏原分布差异。〖HTH〗方法〖HTSS〗应用免疫印迹法检测3 236例患者血清中19种过敏原特异性IgE抗体，分析不同季节患者数量、性别、年龄及过敏原分布的差异。〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗 3 236例患者中，男性1 273例（春199例/夏250例/秋492例/冬332例），女性1 963例（春278例/夏372例/秋645例/冬668例），不同季节过敏原检测患者男女数量构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.485，P＜0.05），秋冬季节患者人数较多，女性多于男性。不同季节患者年龄段数量构成差异有统计学意义（χ2=40.025，P＜0.05），青年患者人数较多。过敏原阳性率前5位分别为艾蒿（11.12%）、尘螨组合（9.39%）、猫毛（6.61%）、海鱼组合（5.81%）和蟹（4.67%）。春季过敏原阳性率前3位：尘螨组合/海鱼组合/艾蒿（10.06%/6.92%/6.71%）；夏季前3位：尘螨组合/艾蒿/海鱼组合（12.54%/10.29%/5.14%）；秋季前3位：艾蒿/猫毛/尘螨组合（15.83%/8.44%/8.18%）；冬季前3位：尘螨组合/艾蒿/猫毛（8.80%/8.40%/6.64%）；多种过敏原在不同季节分布差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。〖HTH〗结论〖HTSS〗北京地区秋冬季节过敏性疾病人群激增，主要由吸入性过敏原引起，以艾蒿、尘螨和猫毛为主，食物性过敏原以海鱼组合和蟹为主，均呈现明显的季节差异。

Allergens seasonal difference analysis on 3 236 patients with allergic diseases in Beijing

［Abstract］ Objective〖HTSS〗To explore the population difference and allergen distribution of allergen detection patients in different seasons in Beijing. 〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Methods〖HTSS〗Immunoblotting was used to detect 19 allergen specific IgE antibodies in 3 236 patients′ serum. The differences of number of people, sex, age and allergen distribution in different seasons were analyzed. 〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Results〖HTSS〗There are 1 273 males(spring 199/summer 250/autumn 492/winter 332) and 1963 females(spring 278/summer 372/autumn 645/winter 668) among 3236 patients. There were significant differences in the number composition of allergens between different sexes in different seasons(χ2=24.485, P=0.000). The number of patients in autumn and winter was more than other seasons. There were significant differences in the number of patients of different age groups in different seasons(χ2=40.025, P=0.000), and the number of young patients was higher. The top five allergen positive rates were Artemisia argyi(11.12%), dust mite combination(9.39%), cat hair(6.61%), sea fish combination(5.81%) and crab(4.67%). The top three allergen positive rates in spring were dust mite combination/sea fish combination/Artemisia argyi(10.06%/6.92%/6.71%)， the top three in summer were dust mite combination/Artemisia argyi/sea fish combination(12.54%/10.29%/5.14%), the top three in autumn were Artemisia argyi/cat hair/dust mite combination(15.83%/8.44%/8.18%), and the top three in winter were dust mite combination/Artemisia argyi/cat hair(8.80%/8.40%/6.64%). There were significant differences in the distribution of allergens in different seasons(P＜0.05). 〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Conclusion〖HTSS〗In autumn and winter, the population of allergic diseases in Beijing increased sharply, mainly caused by inhalation allergens. Artemisia argyi, dust mites and cat hair were the main allergens, while marine fish and crab were the main food allergens, showing obvious seasonal differences.