Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the consequences of a fructose diet are not mediated by PPAR delta or PGC1 alpha |
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Authors: | Julie Karsenty Jean-François Landrier Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard Vanessa Robbez-Masson Alain Margotat Paule Deprez Paulette Lechêne Alain Grynberg Denis Lairon Richard Planells Marguerite Gastaldi |
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Institution: | 1. Aix Marseille Université, NORT, 13005, Marseille, France 2. INSERM, UMR_S 1062, 13005, Marseille, France 3. INRA, UMR_INRA 1260, 13005, Marseille, France 4. Faculté de Pharmacie, INRA, UMR 1154 Nutrition Lipidique et Régulation Fonctionnelle du C?ur et des Vaisseaux, Université Paris-Sud 11, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France 5. INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, ER ODEEPHA, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France 6. CRNH IdF, SMBH Université Paris 13, 93000, Bobigny, France 7. Faculté de médecine, Inserm, NORT, UMR_S1062, 13005, Aix Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
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Abstract: | Purpose To study, in high-fructose-fed rats, the effect of a dietary enrichment in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular function. Methods Twenty-eight male “Wistar Han” rats received for 8 weeks, either a standard chow food or an isocaloric 67 % fructose diet enriched or not in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or in docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) mix (DHA/EPA). After sacrifice, blood was withdrawn for biochemical analyses; heart, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were collected and analyzed for the expression of 22 genes by real-time PCR. Results Fructose intake resulted in an increase in liver weight and triglyceride content, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, although no difference in glucose and insulin. In the liver, lipogenesis was promoted as illustrated by an increase in stearoyl-CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) together with a decrease in PPAR gamma, delta and PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha) expression. In the heart, Fasn and PPAR delta expression were increased. The addition of ALA or DHA/EPA into the diet resulted in a protection against fructose effects except for the decreased expression of PPARs in the liver that was not counterbalanced by n-3 PUFA suggesting that n-3 PUFA and fructose act independently on the expression of PPARs and PGC1 alpha. Conclusions In liver, but not in heart, the fructose-enriched diet induces an early tissue-specific reduction in PPAR gamma and delta expression, which is insensitive to n-3 PUFA intake and dissociated from lipogenesis. |
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