食物过敏性哮喘56例分析

目的　探讨食入性变应原与支气管哮喘的关系。方法　在哮喘诊断的基础上,对每例食物变应原皮试结果,及根据致敏食物线索所做的血清特异性IgE检测结果和食物激发试验结果,进行分析。结果　56例病人共做了 28种食物变应原皮试,呈 1项以上皮试阳性,强度在 ( +) ~( ++++)者共 52例 (92 9% ),皮试结果阴性者 4例 ( 7 1% )。单种食物过敏者 22例 ( 39. 3% ),两种以上食物过敏者 34例 (60 71% )。单纯食物过敏者 9例 (16. 1% ),合并吸入性变应原过敏者 47例 ( 83. 9% )。过敏食物特异IgE( +++) ~( ++++)级者 39例 (69. 6% ), ( +) ~( ++)级者 14例 (25. 0% ), ( -)者 3例 (5. 4% )。合并有其他系统过敏症状体征者 43例 ( 76. 8% )。常见致敏食物是多油脂类植物果实种子如花生、芝麻、黄豆和高蛋白类动物食品如牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼虾,分别为 26例次和 23例次,分别占 24 5%(26 /106 )和 21. 7% (23 /106 )。结论　食物过敏性支气管哮喘的过敏食物种类以油料类食物居首位,其次为高蛋白类动物食品及葱蒜等。对食物过敏性哮喘的预防主要是避免进食相关食物,因此,确定过敏食物是关键。

Analysis on 56 Cases of Allergic Asthma Caused by Foods

Objective To explore the relationship between bronchial asthma and allergen from foods.Methods All the cases diagnosed with asthma were analyzed on the results of food allergen skin test, serum specific IgE detection, and food rechallenge.Results Out of the 56 cases that were tested with 28 items of food allergen, 52 cases (92.9%) showed positive skin test on more than one item with the intensity of " "-" ", and four cases (7.1%) gained negative skin test findings. There were 22 cases (39.3%) supersensitive to one item of food, and 34 cases (60.7%) supersensitive to more than two items of foods. Nine cases were supersensitive simply to food, and 47 cases (83.9%) supersensitive additionally to inspiratory allergen. IgE specific to allergic food came to " "-" " in 39 cases (69.6%), " "-" " in 14 cases (25.0%), and "-" in three cases (5.4%). There were 43 cases (76.8%) complicated with allergic symptoms or signs in other system. Common allergic foods included botanic seeds or nuts rich in unsaturated fatty oil such as peanut, gingili and soybean, and animal products rich in protein such as milk, egg, fish and shrimp.Conclusion Plant food rich in unsaturated fatty oil are listed as the first rank cause leading to allergic asthma, and animal food as the second. To determine the allergic foods is the key to the prevention.