中学生常见营养性疾病简易风险自评问卷的研制

目的:研制中学生常见营养性疾病简易风险自评问卷.方法:研究分为问卷编制和信度、效度考评两个阶段.第1阶段包括7个步骤:(1)确立问卷目标定位、理论框架、指标设置原则和设置格式;(2)建立初始指标库;(3)专题小组讨论,初步筛选指标,编制初始问卷;(4)初始问卷预测试;(5)专家咨询;(6)采用G-P分析筛选指标;(7)专题小组讨论,确定最终问卷.第2阶段通过大规模现场调查对信度、效度进行评价,包括:(1)采用Pearson相关系数评价重测信度;(2)使用克朗巴赫α系数评价内部一致性信度;(3)采用现场调查反馈意见评价表面效度;(4)通过探索性因子分析评价结构效度.采用分层整群抽样从湖南省中学生中随机抽取96个班的学生构成现场测试样本,并从中随机抽取4个班的学生构成重测样本.采用Epidata3.0建立数据库并录入数据,采用SPSS11.0进行统计分析.结果:第1阶段最终得到包括12个指标的简易风险自评问卷.G-P分析显示,各指标的t检验结果均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重测Pearson相关系数为0.76(P＜0.05);问卷的克朗巴赫α系数为0.56;问卷得到了被调查学生的认可;因子分析共提取4个公因子,解释总变异的50.18%.结论:中学生常见营养性疾病简易风险自评问卷具有良好的信度和效度.

Brief self-administered risk questionnaire for commonnutrition-related diseases in middle school students

OBJECTIVE: To develop a self-administered risk questionnaire for common nutrition-related diseases in middle school students. METHODS: Two phases were conducted to develop the questionnaire: scale development and validation. Phase 1 included 7 steps: (1) determining the objective, theoretical framework, principles and format for indicator generation; (2) setting up the preliminary indicator pool; (3) selecting indicators and forming pilot questionnaire through focus groups; (4) testing the pilot questionnaire; (5) further correcting the questionnaire using expert consultation; (6) choosing indicators again using good-poor analysis; and (7) shaping the final questionnaire. Phase 2 consisted of: (1) using the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess test-retest reliability; (2) using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to assess the internal consistency reliability; (3) using the feedback from field investigation to assess face validity; and (4) using explanatory factor analysis to assess construct validity. Students from 96 classes were selected at random in Hunan Province as the field test samples using stratified sampling and cluster sampling. And the students from 4 out of the 96 classes were chosen again to serve as the test-retest samples. We used Epidata 3.0 to build the database and SPSS 11.0 to analyze the data. RESULTS: A brief self-administered risk questionnaire for common nutrition-related diseases in middle school students with 12 items being formed after Phase 1. Good-poor analysis showed results from t tests for each item were statistically significant (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.76 (P<0.05) and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.56. The questionnaire was accepted by the students participating in the field test. Four common factors were extracted using explanatory factor analysis, accounting for 50.18% of the total variation. CONCLUSION: The brief self-administered risk questionnaire for common nutrition-related diseases in middle school students is reliable and valid.