广州市某农村地区家庭室内生物燃料使用与居民下呼吸道症状关系的研究

目的了解广州市某农村地区家庭室内生物燃料使用对居民下呼吸道症状的影响。方法采用系统抽样方法在广州增城市某农村地区抽取6岁以上的常住居民作为研究对象，开展问卷调查获取室内生物燃料使用和居民下呼吸道症状的情况。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析居民呼吸道症状与生物燃料使用的关系，分析中控制年龄、性别、吸烟情况、室内通风情况和厨房使用通风设备情况等因素。结果共调查了266户家庭，645名研究对象纳入研究，其中478人（74．1％）做饭使用生物燃料，167人（25．9％）做饭使用清洁能源。生物燃料组过去半年下呼吸道症状（含干咳、咳痰、气喘、胸闷和呼吸困难症状之一）发生率为51．5％（246／478），清洁能源组发生率为41．3％（69／167）。多因素分析显示，使用生物燃料组发生过咳痰（OR=1．90，95％CI：1．23～2．93）、气喘（OR=6．71，95％ CI：1．74～25．85）、胸闷（OR=2．41，95％CI：1．02—5．72）和呼吸困难（OR=5．99，95％CI：1．23～29．28）的风险高于清洁能源组。下呼吸道症状发生风险与生物燃料使用的频率关系有统计学意义，每天都使用生物燃料组相比清洁能源组，出现过和经常出现下呼吸道症状的风险分别是OR=1．72（95％CI：1．14～2．59）和OR=4．10（95％CI：1．40-12．04）。结论广州市农村地区室内生物燃料的使用可能影响居民呼吸系统健康。

Household biomass fuels use and risk of lower respiratory tract symptoms in rural area of Guang- zhou

Objective To study the relationship between household biomass fuets use and lower respiratory tract symptoms in rural area of Guangzbou City. Methods A systematic sampling survey was performed in residents aged over 6 years in rural area in Zengcheng District of Guangzhou, to obtain the in- formation of indoor biomass fuels use and human lower respiratory tract symptoms. A multiple factor logistic analysis was carried out to test the relationship. Status factors of age, gender, smoke, indoor ventilation and kitchens ventilating devices were controlled in the analysis. Results A total of 266 households were investigated and 645 subjects were included in the study. Among the subjects, 478 （74. 1% ）used biomass fuels and 167 （25.9%）used clean energy. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract symptoms （containingany one of the symptoms of dry cough, expectoration, asthma, chest tightness or dyspnea） in past half year in biomass fuels group and clean energy group were 51.5% （246/478） and 41.3% （69/167）, respective- ly. In the multiple logistic regression model, the risks of expectoration（OR = 1.90, 95% CI： 1.23 - 2.93） , asthma （ OR =6.71, 95% CI： 1.74 - 25.85 ） , chest congestion （ OR = 2.41, 95% CI： 1.02 - 5.72） and dyspnea （ OR = 5.99, 95% CI： 1.23 - 29. 28） in biomass fuels group were all higher than those in clean energy group. The risk of lower respiratory tract symptoms was significantly associated with the frequency of biomass fuels use for symptoms experienced （OR = 1.72, 95% CI： 1.14- 2. 59） and of- ten appearing symptoms （ OR = 4. 10, 95% CI： 1.40 - 12. 04） in the group of using biomass fuels every day. Conclusion Indoor biomass fuels use may be an important risk factor for respiratory tract symptoms in rural area in Guangzhou.