Uremic pericarditis in patients with End Stage Renal Disease: Prevalence,symptoms and outcome in 2017

The prevalence of uremic pericarditis (UP) used to range from 3% to 41%. More recently, it has decreased to about 5%–20% and to < 5% in the last decades, as hemodialysis techniques have become widely used and dialysis quality improved. The objective of this work is to determine the initial clinical picture and the prognosis of patients presenting End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) with UP. Materials: This is a retrospective study (May 2015–September 2017). Inclusion criteria targeted patients who had uremic pericarditis defined as pericarditis occurring in a patient with ESRD before initiation of renal replacement therapy, or within eight weeks of its initiation. Results: 16 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age of patients was 54 [24, 71] years and 56.2% were male. Pericardial effusion was small, moderate and large in 31.2%, 37.6% and 31.2% of cases respectively. One pericardiocentesis was performed in view of a clinical picture of impending cardiac tamponade and three pericardial drainages were performed given presentation of tamponade. Hemodialysis was initiated for all the patients and continued for 2 to 3 weeks until complete regression of the pericardial effusion. The mean number of dialysis sessions was 11 ± 3.5. One patient died of septic shock that developed three weeks after diagnosis of uremic pericarditis. Conclusion: UP is considered a rare but fatal complication of ESRD because of the risk of tamponade and its prognosis remains dependent on early diagnosis and adequate treatment of ESRD.