舰员心理应激状态与个性特征的相关研究

目的研究舰员心理应激状态与个性特征。方法以某部舰员1210人为舰员组,同一部属的地勤人员692人为对照组,采用症状自评量表（Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90）、艾森克个性测量问卷（Eysenck Personality Ques-tionaire,EPQ）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）进行测评。结果舰员组躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性等因子分和阳性项目数、精神质分、内外向分、神经质分均明显高于军人常模（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,而掩饰分低于军人常模（P〈0.01）,舰员组42.4%存在睡眠质量问题,与对照组比较,舰员睡眠质量差、睡眠效率低、睡眠障碍明显、日间功能障碍大、总分高（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论舰员应激反应不仅取决于应激源,而且取决于个体的个性特征,应进行心理应激耐受训练,同时注重改善舰船环境。

Relationship between Psychological Stress and Personality of the Sailors

Objective To investigate the psychological stress and personality of the sailors and their realtionship. Methods The sailor group contained 1210 warship crew and the control group contained 692 ground crew in the same department. They were evaluated by Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI）. Results The factor scores of so mzatization,coercion,interpersonal relation,anxiety,depression,hostility,paranoia and psychotic factor,the positive item numbers,the scores of mentation,extraversion and neuroticism in the sailor group were significantly higher than the army norm （P0.05,P0.01）,the scores of mentation,extraversion and introversion,and neuroticism were significantly higher （P0.01）,but the score of cover was significantly lower （P0.01）. In the sailor group 42.4% had the sleep quality problem,and their sleep quality was bad,sleep efficiency was low,sleep disorder was obvious,daily function disorder was worse and total score was high （P0.01,P0.05）,comparet with the control group. Conclusion The stress reaction of the sailors depends not only on the stress origins,but also the individual＇s personality. Psychological stress endurance training should be performed and the marine environment should be improved.