水蛭抗凝血类成分及提取物治疗缺血性中风的研究进展

水蛭是我国传统的动物类活血化瘀药，现代药理学研究表明，水蛭提取物中含有大量的抗凝类成分，具有多种药理作用，水蛭提取物对心脑血管疾病具有很好的临床治疗效果。笔者通过对水蛭中抗凝血类化学成分及其药理作用相关研究文献进行综述，发现水蛭中含有蛋白质等多肽类、类脂类、蝶啶类等化合物，其中水蛭中抗凝类化合物为水蛭中的主要有效成分，具有抗血栓、抗凝血、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种药理作用，治疗缺血性中风的作用机制与改善凝血、改善血液流变和微循环并能修复受损血脑屏障作用有关。

Research Progress of Leech Anticoagulant Components in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

Leech is a traditional Chinese animal herbal medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in China. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Leech extract contains a large number of anticoagulant components and has a variety of pharmacological effects. Leech extract has a good clinical therapeutic effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. By reviewing the literature on the anticoagulant chemical components and their pharmacological effects in Leech， the author found that Leech contains peptides such as proteins， lipids， pteridins and other compounds. The anticoagulant compounds in Leech are the main active components in the medicinal， which have many pharmacological effects such as antithrombotic， anticoagulant， anti－atherosclerosis， anti－tumor and anti－inflammation.The mechanism of the treatment of ischemic stroke is related to improving coagulation， hemorheology and microcirculation， and repairing the damaged blood－brain barrier.