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Thyroid and parathyroid surgery in pregnancy |
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| Authors: | Randall P. Owen Katherine J. Chou Carl E. Silver Yaakov Beilin Jian J. Tang Robert T. Yanagisawa Alessandra Rinaldo Ashok R. Shaha Alfio Ferlito |
| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Surgery, Division of Metabolic, Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;(2) Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA;(3) Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA;(4) Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;(5) Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;(6) Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Bone Disease and Metabolism, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;(7) Department of Surgical Sciences, ENT Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy;(8) Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; |
| Abstract: | The consideration of surgery during pregnancy requires weighing the benefit of urgent surgery against the risk to mother and fetus. Surgery during pregnancy involves an increase in both maternal and fetal risks. Thyroid and parathyroid surgery involves physiological risks to both mother and fetus specific to the disease and function of these endocrine glands. Evaluation of a thyroid mass is similar in pregnant patients with ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy providing the most important information, while the use of radiographic imaging is severely constrained except when specifically required. In general, thyroid surgery can be delayed until after delivery except in cases of airway compromise or aggressive cancer. In contrast, parathyroid surgery is recommended during pregnancy to avoid adverse effects to the neonate. |
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