脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇致幼鼠成年鼠骨及关节软骨损伤差异的实验研究

目的观察脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)致Wistar幼鼠、成年鼠膝关节骨与软骨损伤的异同。方法 24只健康雄性Wistar幼鼠(20日龄)和24只健康雄性Wistar成鼠(60日龄),分别随机分为正常对照组、DON低剂量组、DON高剂量组,每组各8只,共6组;幼鼠和成鼠的低剂量组和高剂量组均通过灌胃的方式隔日染毒,低剂量灌胃剂量为0.06 mg/kg,高剂量灌胃剂量为0.25 mg/kg;对照组使用相同体积的生理盐水。作用80 d后,取双侧膝关节,进行光镜和电镜病理形态学观测。结果对照组关节软骨基质较均匀、致密,骺板软骨从骨骺到干骺端结构完好,软骨基质呈弱嗜酸性,细胞排列保持良好的层次;幼鼠低剂量组可见软骨细胞变性,坏死,排列紊乱。高剂量组可见软骨细胞溶解、甚至消失。健康细胞与受损细胞交互排列,呈现DLD现象。骨小梁数目减少,且骨小梁变细、连接中断,立体网状结构破坏,且随剂量的增加骨小梁的破坏也愈加严重,甚至骨小梁大片消失;成年鼠可见软骨细胞变性坏死,高剂量组有的细胞核溶解、消失。电镜可见基质内有较小的、大小均匀的、电子密度高的颗粒状物质,线粒体肿胀和固缩兼有,并见大小不等的空泡,脊破坏或消失。高剂量情况下,细胞核形态不规则、固缩,染色质边聚,关节软骨胶原网络结构破坏。结论 DON可导致Wistar大鼠骨和软骨损伤,其损伤结局与骨的发育阶段有关:在干骺闭合前,DON除可致软骨损伤外,还可致骨发育障碍,甚至停滞;在干骺闭合以后其损伤仅表现在软骨上,提示DON可能是大骨节病和骨关节炎等骨关节病的原因。

Deoxynivalenol induced bone and articular cartilage injuries among young and adult rats

Objective To observe deoxynivalenol（DON） induced knee bone and articular cartilage injuries among young and adult Wistar rats.Methods We randomly assigned 24 young（20 days） and adult（60 days） Wistar healthy male rats each into control,low and high DON dosage treatment groups（8 mice per group）.The mice of low and high DON dosage treatment groups were intra-stomachally administered with 0.06 mg·kg-1 and 0.25mg·kg-1 BW DON contained saline solution every other day,respectively.The same volume of saline was injected into the stomachs of the rats in control groups.The articular cartilage specimens of mice were examined by light and electron microscopes after 80 days.Results The degeneration,necrosis and disordered columnar arrangement of cartilage cells were obvious in the young rats of DON treatment groups.Observed pathological changes included cytolysis and some deficient cells,the interactively arrangement of healthy and damaged cells with the appearance of DLD,significantly degenerative and thin bone trabeculae with discontinuous distribution of network structures in young rats with the high dosage of DON treatment.The structural damages and deficiency of trabeculae were more serious in the mice with the high dosage of DON treatment.In the experimental group of adult rats,the degeneration and necrosis of the cartilage cells could also be observed,including the loss of some nuclei of cartilage cells,small or even-sized granular material with high electronic density,the existence of swelling,pyknosis and degeneration（vacuole,ridge damage or disappearance） of mitochondria.In the adult mice with high dosage of DON treatment,the shape of cell nuclei was irregular with mitochondri pyknosis and chromatin aggregation at the periphery of nucleus.The collagen network of articular cartilage was also damaged.Conclusion DON could lead to the impairment of bone and articular cartilage at bone developmental stage in mice.Mice were observed with the injuries of cartilage damages,dysostosis and the stagnation of bone development if exposed to DON before the closure of diaphysis-epiphysis.Injury was confirmed only in cartilage if mice were exposed to DON after the closure of diaphysis-epiphysis.The results indicate that KBD and osteoarthritis might be prompted by DON exposure.