上海市郊区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的研究

目的 分析引发上海市郊区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的分布特点。方法 对800例上海市郊区过敏性疾病患儿（郊区病例组）、100名郊区健康儿童（郊区正常对照组）和450例上海市城区过敏性疾病患儿（城区病例组）进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验（SPT）。将郊区病例组患儿按年龄分为婴幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄组，比较各组SPT及各过敏原阳性率。结果 郊区病例组SPT阳性率（73.38%）高于郊区正常对照组（26.00%），低于城区病例组（80.22%），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。郊区病例组患儿主要过敏原为粉尘螨和屋尘螨，阳性率分别为57.88%和59.13%。除杂草和橡胶外，郊区病例组各过敏原阳性率与其他两组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。各年龄组郊区过敏性疾病患儿SPT阳性率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 上海市郊区过敏性疾病患儿的主要过敏原为屋尘螨和粉尘螨；郊区过敏性疾病患儿SPT阳性率低于城区患儿，并与年龄有一定相关性。

Investigations on allergens of allergic diseases in children from rural Shanghai

Objective To analyse the distribution characteristics of major allergens initiating allergic diseases in children from rural Shanghai. Methods Eight hundred children with allergic diseases from rural Shanghai (rural ease group), 450 children with allergic diseases from urban Shanghai (urban ease group) and 100 healthy children from rural Shanghai (rural normal control group) underwent skin prick tests (SPT), and children of rural case group were subdivided into infant group, preschool age group and school age group according to age. The positive rates of allergens and SPT were compared among groups. Results The positive rate of SPT of rural case group was significantly higher than that of rural normal control group (73.38% vs 26.00%, P<0.05), and was significantly lower than that of urban ease group (73.38% vs 80.22%, P<0.05). Dermatophagoidesfarinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the major allergens in rural ease group, with the positive rates of 57.88% and 59.13%, respectively. Except weed and rubber, there were significant differences in positive rates of the other allergens between rural ease group and the other two groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in positive rates of SPT among different age groups of rural children with allergic diseases (P<0.05). Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the major allergens in children with allergic diseases from rural Shanghai, whose positive rates of SPT are lower than those of children with allergic diseases from urban Shanghai. The positive rate of SPT is related to age to some extent.