Pharmacokinetic analyses using absorption kinetics in low-alcohol dose cases of drunken driving |
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| Institution: | 1. Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, Palermo University School of Medicine, 90129 Palermo, Italy;3. Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87, Edif. C, Catania 95123, Italy;4. National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;5. Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;1. AgEstimation Project, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;3. Departments of Research in Biomedicine, Health and Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre Split, Croatia;1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, PR China;3. Beijing Police College, Beijing 102022, PR China;4. College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China;5. West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China;1. Center for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan;2. Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;1. Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan;2. Forensic Science Laboratory, Yamaguchi Prefectural Police Headquarters, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In Japan, low-alcohol dose cases of drunken driving, where drivers drink just before getting behind the wheel, are increasing for expert witnesses since the penalties for drunken driving have become stricter. Widmark’s equation has generally been used for the pharmacokinetic analysis of blood alcohol concentration, which encompasses the one-compartment model with zero-order elimination kinetics but ignores absorption kinetics. We therefore propose that the formula might not be applicable to the analysis of low-alcohol dose cases of drunken driving because the issue is focused on the absorption phase. In this paper, we present two representative low-alcohol dose cases, which were analyzed using the one-compartment model with first-order absorption and zero-order elimination kinetics. This formula is thought to be more suitable and useful for medicolegal practice than Widmark’s formula. |
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| Keywords: | Pharmacokinetics Blood alcohol concentration Breath alcohol concentration Absorption kinetics Drunken driving |
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