Primed neutrophil infiltrations into multiple organs in child physical abuse cases: A preliminary study |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;2. Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;1. Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;2. Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Syogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;3. Department of Forensic Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan;1. Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;2. Tokyo Medical Examiner''s Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 4-21-18 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan;3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N 12, W 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;4. Technical Support Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N 15, W 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;5. Department of Forensic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N 15, W 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;6. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;1. Henan Provincial Research Institute for Population and Family Planning, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Birthdefects Prevention, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China;3. College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;1. Department of Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;2. Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China;3. Department of Computer Tomography, Shanxi Provincial Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China |
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| Abstract: | Physical abuse of the elderly induces a massive primed neutrophil infiltration into the lung and liver through chemotaxis by interleukin (IL)-8, similar to cases of traumatic or hemorrhagic shock. Here, we used immunohistochemical analyses to investigate this infiltration in cases of physically abused children. In addition, we examined the expression of neutrophil elastase (NE) as the inflammatory mediator and α1-antitrypsin (AAT) as the elastase inhibitor. The number of neutrophils in the abuse cases was increased significantly in the heart, lung, liver, and kidney, compared with that of control cases. IL-8-positive cells and NE-positive cells in all organs of abuse cases were significantly greater than those in control cases. Large quantities of oxidized AAT, which fails to inactivate NE and results in tissue damage, was detected in the liver of abuse cases. Neutrophil infiltration showed positive correlation with the degree of systemic accumulation of non-fatal injuries caused by repetitive abusive behavior. Although further investigation using more autopsy samples is necessary, results of our preliminary study indicate that massive neutrophil infiltration induced by IL-8 in multiple organs is a new complementary diagnostic indicator of physical abuse in children. Moreover, the demonstration of NE-positive cells and oxidized AAT provides firm evidence of tissue damage. |
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| Keywords: | Child physical abuse Primed neutrophil infiltration Interleukin (IL)-8 Neutrophil elastase (NE) Oxidized α1-antitrypsin (AAT) |
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