Procyanidins: A promising anti-diabetic agent with potential benefits on glucose metabolism and diabetes complications |
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| Authors: | Eskandar Qaed Marwan Almoiliqy Bandar Al-Hamyari Abdullah Qaid Haneen Alademy Ahmed Al-Maamari Eman Alyafeai Zhaohong Geng Zeyao Tang Xiaodong Ma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China;2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen;3. School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China;4. N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;5. Taiz University Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Taizz, Yemen;6. The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;7. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;8. Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China;9. Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China |
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| Abstract: | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alarming worldwide health implications and high mortality rates, largely due to its complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent research has shown that procyanidins (PC), a type of flavonoid, have strong antioxidant and free radical elimination effects, and may be useful in improving glucose metabolism, enhancing pancreatic islet cell activity, and decreasing the prevalence of DM complications. This review article presents a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles on the use of PC in the treatment of DM, without any language restrictions. The article also discusses the potential for PC to sensitise DM medications and improve their efficacy. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated promising results in improving the biological activity and bioavailability of PC for the treatment of DM. The article concludes by highlighting the potential for novel materials and targeted drug delivery methods to enhance the pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of PC, leading to the creation of safer and more effective anti-DM medications in the future. |
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| Keywords: | complications of diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus (DM) glucose metabolism islet cells procyanidins (PC) |
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