Trans-generational transmission of altered phenotype resulting from flubendiamide-induced changes in apoptosis in larval imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan;2. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA;1. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile;2. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany;3. IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops Program, Rovira Roure, 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain;4. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Casilla 426, Chillán, Chile;1. Grupo de Investigación Ciencias Forenses y Salud (GICFS), Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Institución Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia;2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil;1. Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia;2. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Horsham, Victoria 3400, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710061, Shanxi Province, China;2. Department of Neurology, Ninth Hospital of Xi''an, Xi''an 710054, Shanxi Province, China;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth Hospital of Xi''an, Xi''an 710054, Shanxi Province, China;4. Department of Geratology Two, Ninth Hospital of Xi''an, Xi''an 710054, Shanxi Province, China;5. Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi''an, Xi''an 710054, Shanxi Province, China;6. Department of Pharmacy, Ninth Hospital of Xi''an, Xi''an 710054, Shanxi Province, China |
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| Abstract: | The eye and wing morphology of Drosophila melanogaster maintain unique, stable pattern of genesis from larval eye and wing imaginal discs. Increased apoptosis in cells of eye and wing discs was found to be associated with flubendiamide (fluoride containing insecticide) exposure (at the range 0.25–10 μg/mL) in D. melanogaster larvae. The chemical fed larvae on attaining adulthood revealed alterations in morphology and symmetry of their compound eyes and wings through scanning electron microscopy. Nearly 40% and 30% of flies (P generation) demonstrated alterations in eyes and wings respectively. Transmission electron microscopic study (at the range 1–20 μg/mL) also established variation in the rhabdomere and pigment cell orientation as well as in the shape of the ommatidium. Subsequent SEM study with F1 and F2 generation flies also revealed structural variation in eye and wing. Decrease in percentage of altered eye and wing phenotype was noted in subsequent generations (P> F1 > F2). Thus, the diamide insecticide, flubendiamide, expected to be environmentally safe at sub-lethal concentrations was found to increase apoptosis in larvae and thereby cause morphological alteration in the adult D. melanogaster. This study further demonstrated trans-generational transmission of altered phenotype in three subsequent generations of a non-target insect model, D. melanogaster. |
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| Keywords: | Apoptosis Flubendiamide Ommatidium SEM TEM |
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