Validation of an assessment,medical problem-oriented plan,and care plan tools for demonstrating the clinical pharmacist's activities

BackgroundIdentifying, preventing, and resolving medical problems are some of the most central functions of clinical pharmacy (CP) and pharmaceutical care (PC) practitioners. Usually, the practitioners and researchers find a challenging to link the problem and the appropriate intervention to be included in the care plan. A comprehensive, well-structured, validated, simple use and standardized tool, which fulfill these requirements in daily clinical practice, are currently rare.PurposeTo design and validate a comprehensive medical problem-oriented plan (MPOP) classification system in addition to assessment and care plan tools for use in practicing, researching, and teaching CP and PC.Materials and methodsThe methodology was composed of five steps: literature searching and classification of the problems; developing the assessment of treatments and care plan templates; implementing the tutorial; validation; completion and evaluation of the final version.ResultsThe classification system (MPOP tool) is an open hierarchical structure, where higher levels are broadly defined, consisting of 5 main categories, and lower levels become more specific. In the MPOP tool's final version, a total of 24 major subcategories were distributed to the major five categories as 4 (Indication), 5 (Effectiveness), 7 (Safety), 3 (Patient), and 5 (Miscellaneous). Different minor subcategories (subcategory 2, n = 62) and 95 plans (interventions) were determined. Each of the subcategories and plans includes a notes section that represents a specific detail. There was strong agreement on using the MPOP tool between the two authors (κ = 1.000, p < 0.0005) and between three random clinical pharmacists out of 17 (κ = 0.947, 95% CI, 0.840 to 1.055, p < 0.0005). The validity and reliability statistics demonstrate that the Alsayed_v1 tools are extremely appropriate. The majority of users expressed high satisfaction with all the assessment, MPOP, and care plan tools.ConclusionThe Alsayed_v1 tools introduced in this paper were applied to actual patient cases and were validated. These tools include: assessment of treatments, MPOP, and care plan. Including the interventions in the classification system is important especially in PC research where the type of recommendations should be documented to assess the value and impact of the service and saves the time of practitioners in typing the appropriate interventions. By applying the steps within these Alsayed tools, the clinical pharmacists can actively provide the best practice to achieve the optimal patient outcome.