N-antigenemia detection by a rapid lateral flow test predicts 90-day mortality in COVID-19: A prospective cohort study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, (IBSAL), Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain;2. Department of Cellular Biology, Hystology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Spain;3. Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain;4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain;5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;6. Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;7. Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;8. Emergency Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;9. Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;10. Pneumology Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;11. Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;12. Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain;13. Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Lleida Spain;14. Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Institut D investigacions August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain;15. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo evaluate if the detection of N antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma by a rapid lateral flow test predicts 90-day mortality in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the wards.MethodsThe presence of N-antigenemia was evaluated in the first 36 hours after hospitalization in 600 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, by using the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device from Abbott (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The impact of N-antigenemia on 90-day mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsPrevalence of N-antigenemia at hospitalization was higher in nonsurvivors (69% (82/118) vs. 52% (250/482); p < 0.001). The patients with N-antigenemia showed more frequently RNAemia (45.7% (148/324) vs. 19.8% (51/257); p < 0.001), absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies (80.7% (264/327) vs. 26.6% (69/259); p < 0.001) and absence of S1 antibodies (73.4% (240/327) vs. 23.6% (61/259); p < 0.001). The patients with antigenemia showed more frequently acute respiratory distress syndrome (30.1% (100/332) vs. 18.7% (50/268); p = 0.001) and nosocomial infections (13.6% (45/331) vs. 7.9% (21/267); p = 0.026). N-antigenemia was a risk factor for increased 90-day mortality in the multivariable analysis (HR, 1.99 (95% CI,1.09–3.61), whereas the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N-antibodies represented a protective factor (HR, 0.47 (95% CI, 0.26–0.85).DiscussionThe presence of N-antigenemia or the absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N-antibodies after hospitalization is associated to increased 90-day mortality in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. Detection of N-antigenemia by using lateral flow tests is a quick, widely available tool that could contribute to early identify those COVID-19 patients at risk of deterioration. |
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| Keywords: | Antigenemia COVID-19 Hospitalized Mortality Rapid test |
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