银杏叶提取物延缓运动性疲劳的实验

背景银杏叶提取物具有扩张血管、促进血液循环、消除自由基和保护机体组织等功效,对防治心血管疾病方面有显著效果,其临床和药物研究很多,但涉及运动保健领域及其对动物或人体抗运动性疲劳和提高运动能力的研究相对较少.目的通过观察银杏叶提取物对小鼠耐力及抗疲劳能力的影响,为研制新型运动补剂及进一步研究银杏叶提取物对运动员运动能力的影响提供依据.设计随机实验观察.单位广西师范大学体育学院运动生理实验室.材料实验于2003-09/2003-11在广西师大体育学院生理实验室完成.选取健康、游泳能力正常的昆明种8周龄雄性小白鼠60只,将动物按体质量随机分成安静对照组;安静服药组;力竭后服药组;训练对照组和服药训练组5个组,12只/组.银杏叶提取物粉剂(含总黄酮24%,银杏内酯6%);昆明种8周龄雄性小白鼠60只,体质量23～27g.方法灌胃给药或安慰剂.根据实验方案对动物实施游泳训练、爬绳实验和力竭性游泳实验,观察、记录实验结果.主要观察指标①各组动物爬绳能力对比.②各组动物力竭性游泳能力对比.结果训练对照组和服药训练组前3周的低负荷训练训练中,所有训练小鼠均能按计划完成训练任务,但第4周,训练对照组小鼠在6 d的训练中有(83.34±10.45)%的小鼠能不间断完成训练计划;服药训练组则为(94.45±4.3)%;到第5周,则分别下降到(79.17±6.97)%和(88.95±6.75)%.①安静服药组小鼠的爬绳能力明显比安静对照组强,具有显著性意义(P＜0.05);服药训练组也显示出比训练对照组强的趋势,但没有显著性差异(0.1＞P＞0.05);②安静服药组小鼠的负重游泳能力比安静对照组呈现出明显的增强趋势,但差异无显著性(0.1＞P＞0.05);服药训练组也比训练对照组强,有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01).在经过1次/d的6天力竭性运动后,安静服药组小鼠的负重游泳能力和抗疲劳能力明显比安静对照组强.力竭后服药组从第3次起与安静对照组的比较,差异开始出现显著性(P＜0.05),力竭后服药组的小鼠在服用了银杏叶提取物后,其持续游泳时间长于安静对照组.安静服药组与力竭后服药组比较的情况正好相反,前3次的力竭游泳能力差异均有显著性,但随着力竭后服药组用药次数的增多,差异渐缩小,在后3次运动的持续时间上差异无显著性(P＞0.05).服药训练组的运动能力明显高于训练对照组,二者之间差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01).结论仅通过服银杏叶提取物而不进行运动训练,对提高小鼠运动能力的影响不大,但对消除运动性疲劳有积极的作用;而运动训练与银杏叶提取物协同作用可显著提高小鼠的运动能力,尤其是肌肉耐力和心肺耐力;服银杏叶提取物可提高小鼠对疲劳的耐受力,延缓疲劳的发生,并对消除耐力性运动疲劳和促进小鼠体力恢复有积极的促进作用.

Effect of gingko leaf extract on delaying sports fatigue

BACKGROUND: Gingko leaf extract has multiple functions by dilating blood vessels, promoting blood circulation, eliminating free radicals, and protecting organism tissues. It has remarkable effects on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although clinical and pharmacological studies on it have been widely conducted, research regarding athletic health protection, as well as anti-athletic fatigue and the improvement of animal or human athletic ability is less available.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of gingko leaf extract on rat endurance and anti-fatigue capability, so as to provide basis for developing new athletic tonic as well as further studies on the effects of gingko leaf extract on the athletic capability.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Athletic Physiological Laboratory, Sports Institute of Guangxi Normal University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Athletic Physiological Laboratory, Sports Institute of Guangxi Teachers' Training University,between September and November 2003. Totally 60 healthy Kunming rats with normal swimming capability were included after birth of 8 weeks, and randomized into five groups according to their body mass: rest control group, rest administration group, post-exhaustion administration group,training control group, and administration training group with 12 rats in each group. Gingko leaf extract powder (containing 24% of total flavone and 6% of gingko lactone); 60 healthy male Kunming rats after birth of 8 weeks, weighing 23-27 g.METHODS: Rats were given medicine by gastric perfusion or placebo.According to the experiment scheme, swimming training, rope crawling and exhaustion swimming experiments were carried out on rats.between groups.RESULTS: During the first 3 weeks of low load training, all rats in training control group and administration training group could complete the designed training tasks, but in the fourth week, the training tasks could be completed without breaks in the 6-day training by (83.34±10.45) % rats in training control group and (94.45±4.3) % rats in administration training group. The rat number dropped to (79.17±6.97) % and (88.95±6.75) %, reministration group was obviously stronger than that in rest control group (P＜ 0.05); it was also proved to have a stronger tendency in administration training group than in training control group, but with no significant (0.1＞ Ppresented an obviously increasing tendency compared to that in rest control group, but the difference was not significant (0.1＞ P ＞ 0.05). However, it was stronger in administration training group than in training control group, with extremely remarkable significance (P ＜ 0.01). After 6-day exhausting exercise once a day, the loaded swimming ability and anti-fatigue ability were obviously stronger in rats of rest administration group than in rest control group,and the difference began to have statistical meaning from the onset of the 3rdexercise (P ＜ 0.05). After given gingko leaf extract, rats in post-exhanstion administration group could swim for a longer time than rest control group.However, the comparison between rest administration group and post-exhaustion administration group was the opposite. The swimming ability differed significantly in the first 3 exercises, but the difference was reduced with the increase of administration times, which was proved insignificant at the last 3exercises (P ＞ 0.05). The athletic ability in administration training group was obviously higher than in training control group, with extremely significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Administration of gingko leaf extract alone without athletic training cannot obviously improve rats' athletic capability, but it has a positive effect in attenuating athletic fatigue. The synergic effect of athletic training and administration of gingko leaf extract can remarkably enhance rats'athletic capability, particularly muscular endurance and cardiopulmonary endurance. Therefore, taking gingko leaf extract can enhance rats' tolerance to fatigue, delay the occurrence of fatigue, eliminate endurance-related athletic fatigue, and promote the recovery of physical strength.