巨细胞病毒的模式识别受体研究进展

人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)属疱疹病毒β亚科,为线状双链DNA病毒,在世界范围内普遍感染.在免疫正常的个体,CMV感染大多表现为无症状或亚临床型感染,但在一些免疫低下或免疫抑制人群如胎儿、婴儿、免疫功能不全或缺陷个体则可引起严重疾病.病毒入侵机体,天然免疫应答在第一时间做出反应.天然免疫应答之所以能如此迅速的做出反应,主要依赖细胞表面的模式识别受体.模式识别受体通过识别病毒的病原相关分子模式(如病毒蛋白、核酸),从而引起细胞内信号通路的激活,最终引起转录因子的活化,进而使I型干扰素和炎性因子表达增加,产生免疫和炎性反应.天然免疫是机体抵抗病原微生物入侵的第一道防线,病毒有效的复制首先要躲过天然免疫应答的清除,而病毒感染的最终结局取决于宿主与病毒之间的“力量”角逐.机体多种天然模式识别受体能够识别巨细胞病毒,从而启动机体的天然免疫应答,发挥抗病毒的效应.

The research progress of pattern-recognition receptor recognizing cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） , a betaherpesvirus containing a linear double-stranded DNA, is a widespread pathogen responsible for generally asymptomatic and persistent infections in healthy people. However it represents a major cause of infectious cause for immunocompromised individuals such as fetus, infant or people with immune system deficiencies. When infected with virus, innate immune response of the body will be activated. The immediate response to viral infection relies on pattern-recognition receptors （PRRs） ; they can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns （ PAMPs ） such as viral proteins and nu- cleic acids, and then initiates intracellular signaling cascades which ultimately cause the activation of transcrip- tion factors and the expression of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Innate immune response constitutes the first line of host defence that limits the viral spread and also plays an important role in the activa- tion of adaptive immune response. In order to establish a productive infection, viruses need to overcome this in- itial anti-viral response. The final outcome of viral infection depends on the ＂ power＂ between host and virus. Cytomegalovirus can be recognized by a variety of pattern-recognition receptors, and then natural immune re- sponse is initiated to fight viral infection.