继发性与特发性黄斑前膜的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨玻璃体视网膜手术后继发性黄斑前膜的影响因素，比较继发性黄斑前膜与特发性黄斑前膜的手术效果。 方法 分析26例黄斑前膜患者的26只眼（其中玻璃体视网膜手术后继发性黄斑前膜18只眼，特发性黄斑前膜8只眼）行玻璃体切割、黄斑前膜剥离等治疗前后的视力、眼底彩色照相以及部分患者的光相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）检查和随访3~12个月的临床资料。 结果 8例继发性黄斑前膜患者中，与手术有关者9例，占50.0%。巩 膜外冷凝、眼内激光光凝封闭巨大视网膜裂孔手术后继发黄斑前膜差异有显著性的意义（χ2=12.24，P＜0.05）。与玻璃体积血有关的继发性黄斑前膜11例，占61.1%。手术后3个月内视物变形消失者8例，占30.8%；视物变形改善者18例，占69.2% ；两组患者手术后视力均有明显提高。其中，继发性黄斑前膜患者手术后视力平均提高1.33行，最好矫正视力为0.6；特发性黄斑前膜患者手术后视力平均提高3行，最好矫正视力达0.8。 结论 巩膜外冷凝封闭巨大视网膜裂孔、手术前后伴玻璃体积血是玻璃体视网膜手术后继发黄斑前膜的高危因素。特发性黄斑前膜的手术疗效明显好于继发性黄斑前膜。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：90-92）

Analysis of the correlation factors and vitrectomy of epiretinal macular membrane of 26 patients

Objective To investigate the correlation factors of macular pucker after vitrectomy, and compare the surgical effect between secondary and idiopathic epiretinal macular membrane.Methods A study of 26 consecutive patients (26 eyes), in which 18 were diagnosed as secondary epiretinal macular membranes and 8 as idiopathic epiretinal macular membranes, underwent par plana vitrectomy, vitreous cortex separation, and peeling off of the epiretinal macular membrane. The follow-up period was within 3~12 months. Preoperative and postoperative examination included visual acuity, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography in some patients.Results Among the 18 patients with secondary epiretinal macular membranes, 9 (50.0%) were related to vitreous surgery. There was statistical difference between cryoretinopexy to giant retinal tear and endolaser （χ2=12.24，P＜0.05). Eleven patients (61.1%) with secondary epiretinal macular membranes were related to vitreous hemorrhage before or after surgery. We found all macular puckers removed in post-operative examination. The metamorphopsia disappears after 3 months in 8 patients (30.8%), and the situation was better in 18 (69.2%). The visual acuity of the patients with idiopathic epiretinal macular membranes improved 3 lines averagely after operation, and the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8. The patients with secondary epiretinal macular membranes improved 1.33 lines averagely after vitreous and retinal surgery, and the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6. Conclusion Cryoretinopexy to giant retinal tear and vitreous hemorrhage before or after surgery are the risk factors of secondary epiretinal macular membranes. Idiopathic epiretinal macular membrane has a better surgical effect than secondary one. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：90-92)