我国心血管病及其主要危险因素的流行病学研究

近20多年来,为了有效地防治心血管病对我国人民健康和生命造成的危害,全国各地在心血管病流行病学领域进行了大量的研究,本文以其中的一些主要研究结果为基础,对我国心血管病负担和心血管病主要危险因素的分布特点及变化趋势进行简要陈述:1)我国人群心血管病发病特点与西方发达国家有所不同,主要表现为冠心病发病率相对较低,脑卒中发病率相对较高。2)在多数西方发达国家人群冠心病及脑卒中发病率呈下降趋势时,我国人群冠心病及脑卒中发病率却呈增加趋势。3)我国男性吸烟率居高不下。虽然我国人群平均血清胆固醇(TC)水平较低,但TC水平呈明显上升趋势。我国人群危险因素的上升变化,是影响人群冠心病脑卒中发病率呈持续上升趋势的重要因素。

Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Chinese Population

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become the leading contributor to death in China for the recent 20 years. Alarge number of epidemiologic studies of CVD were carried out in different regions of China. The study summarized the epidemiologic characteristics of CVD risk factors, distribution and the general tendency. The main results were as follows: Beijing area was different from western countries, the characteristics of CVD in Chinese population showed that both the incidence and mortality rate of coronary heart disease were low, and those of cerebrovascular disease were high. There were significant geographic variations in both CVDincidence and mortality rate, with higher rates in north and lower rates in south. In the past several decades, the increasing trend of CVD incidence was observed in Chinese population, while the CVD related mortality dereaded in most developed countries. Althrough total serum cholesterol (TC) and body-mass index (BMI) of Chinese population were lower than those of western countries, the current trends were increased significantly. Smoking rates in Chinese men ranked No. 1 in the WHO-WONICA study. The CVD epidemic in China was attributable to increased trends of main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive prevention and intervention for main cardiovascular risk factors could reduce the risk of CVD.