湖北省城乡孕妇膳食营养状况调查分析

目的:查明湖北省部分地区孕妇膳食营养现状,为制定符合湖北省实际情况的干预策略和措施提供参考。方法:抽取到医院进行产前检查的湖北省城乡孕妇进行问卷调查,采集孕妇血样测定营养生化指标,并采用t检验和χ2检验等方法对数据进行统计分析。结果:孕妇膳食结构以植物性食物为主,各类食物摄入量较丰富。农村孕妇奶类的摄入远远低于城市孕妇,粮谷类、蔬菜类的摄入较城市高,城市孕妇的水果类、大豆类、畜禽肉类、鱼虾蟹贝类食物摄入量高于农村孕妇。能量和各营养素平均摄入量总体达到RNI或AI的要求,但在部分孕妇中仍存在能量和营养素摄入明显不足的情况。营养生化指标中血清锌缺乏率最高(51.52%),尤其是农村地区。孕妇贫血患病率为35.50%,农村(50.74%)显著高于城市(13.68%)(χ2=33.5333,P<0.0001)。结论:湖北省孕妇膳食结构中食物种类多样,城市孕妇各类食物摄取都比较充足,农村孕妇膳食摄入和营养状况仍存在相对较多的问题。

Investigation and analysis on dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women in Hubei

Objective:To understand the dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women in Hubei, provide some references for establishment of intervention strategies and measures.Methods:Pregnant women in Hubei were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire,then blood samples were obtained and detected for nutritional analysis. All data were analyzed on t test and χ2 test.Results:The diet of pregnant women was comprised primarily of plant sources, intakes of all food were abundance.Milk and milk products intake of rural pregnant women were less than those of city pregnant women, while cereal products and vegetables intakes reversed,and intakes of fruits, soybeans, meat and fish of city women were more than those of rural women.The intakes of energy and all nutrients met the Chinese RNI or AI, but in part of the subjects,there were still obviously insufficient intakes of energy and nutrients.The deficiency rate of serum zinc was the highest in nutritional biochemistry indexes, especially in rural areas.The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 35.50%, and there was significant difference between city (50.74%) and rural areas (13.68%) (P<0.01).Conclusion:In Hubei province, the diet pattern of pregnant women is still not rational, and nutrient intakes of many pregnant women are not enough,especially in countryside, the diet pattern and nutrition status of pregnant women should be improved.