Major comorbid disease processes associated with increased incidence of acute kidney injury |
| |
Authors: | Salwa Farooqi Jeffrey G Dickhout |
| |
Institution: | Salwa Farooqi, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, CanadaJeffrey G Dickhout, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada |
| |
Abstract: | Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly seen amongst critically ill and hospitalized patients. Individuals with certain co-morbid diseases have an increased risk of developing AKI. Thus, recognizing the co-morbidities that predispose patients to AKI is important in AKI prevention and treatment. Some of the most common co-morbid disease processes that increase the risk of AKI are diabetes, cancer, cardiac surgery and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This review article identifies the increased risk of acquiring AKI with given co-morbid diseases. Furthermore, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI in relation to co-morbid diseases are discussed to understand how the risk of acquiring AKI is increased. This paper reviews the effects of various co-morbid diseases including: Diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and HIV AIDS, which all exhibit a significant increased risk of developing AKI. Amongst these co-morbid diseases, inflammation, the use of nephrotoxic agents, and hypoperfusion to the kidneys have been shown to be major pathological processes that predisposes individuals to AKI. The pathogenesis of kidney injury is complex, however, effective treatment of the co-morbid disease processes may reduce its risk. Therefore, improved management of co-morbid diseases may prevent some of the underlying pathology that contributes to the increased risk of developing AKI. |
| |
Keywords: | Acute kidney injury Kidney disease Human immunodeficiency virus Co-morbidities Diabetes Cancer Cardiac surgery Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Risk factors Immune response Cardiovascular disease |
|
| 点击此处可从《》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|