葡萄糖筛查试验异常孕妇的进一步诊断

目的: 探讨50g葡萄糖筛查试验(50g glucose challenge test,50g GCT)异常孕妇的进一步诊断策略。方法: 回顾性分析2004年1月~2005年12月行50g GCT1 055例孕妇的资料及50g GCT阳性孕妇口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果。结果: 50g GCT的结果越高孕妇诊断为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)或妊娠期糖耐量减低(GIGT)的比例越高,当50g GCT≥10.6 mmol/L时,异常检出率明显增加(P<0.005),且诊断为GDM的平均空腹血糖仅为5.2 mmol/L;50g GCT≥12.8 mmol/L时,诊为GDM的孕妇为100%。结论: 葡萄糖筛查试验对诊断GDM十分必要,但不能用于确诊;孕期空腹血糖敏感度低,不能使用国外的诊断标准;当50g GCT≥12.8 mmol/L时可不行OGTT试验,直接诊断为GDM。

Further diagnosis for pregnant women with abnormal glucose challenge test

Objective: This study was designed to characterize the ultrastructure of the coccoid Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) forms in the tissues of carcinoma.Methods: Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) technique was used to examine the structure of coccoid H. pylori in 4 cases of gastric carcinoma and 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma.Results: It was found that the coccoid H. pylori were scattered in cancer nest and cancer interspace,some of which enterded cancer cells,macrophages and other cells.The coccoid H. pylori appeared to be similar to the L-forms of other bacteria with varying cell shape and size,different cytoplasmic electron densities and defects in cell wall.Two types of coccoid H. pylori could be distinguished in the tissues of carcinoma by TEM.Type A was smaller with higher electron density in the cytoplasma,and flagellation on the cell membrane,suggesting that it could be viable.However,the type B was larger with lower electron density in the cytoplasma,and no flagellation on the cell membrane,suggesting that it could be a degenerative form.Conclusions: The coccoid forms of H.pulori still have certain degree of viability,thus they may play an important role in the transmission of H. pylori,the relapse of H. pylori related disease after treatment and the development of the related carcinoma.