中国部分地区2012-2014年中学生意外伤害流行现状

分析中国4个地区2012-2014年中学生意外伤害流行病学状况及变化趋势,为中学生意外伤害防控提供依据.方法 汇总新乡、阳江、重庆和沈阳4个地区2012-2014年在校中学生意外伤害的调查数据,比较不同人口统计学特征间意外伤害检出率的差异及不同年份间检出率的变化趋势.结果 2012-2014年,中学生意外伤害检出率分别为39.1%,39.2%和34.2%,最常见的意外伤害类型是跌落伤(18.4%)、切割伤(14.7%)、烧烫伤和腐蚀伤(9.4%)、动物咬伤(7.6%)和道路交通伤(6.3%).男生2012-2014年意外伤害的检出率分别为40.7%,40.1%和37.0%,女生依次为37.6%,37.2%和31.6%,男生意外伤害检出率均高于女生(P值均<0.01);初中生意外伤害的检出率分别为40.5%,41.9%和36.0%,高中生依次为37.7%,36.5%和32.5%,初中生意外伤害检出率高于高中生(P值均<0.01);意外伤害的检出率在地区之间差异也均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),其中新乡和阳江地区检出率呈下降趋势,而重庆和沈阳地区则表现出先升后降的变化趋势.结论 四地区意外伤害检出率虽有下降趋势,但仍有近1/3的中学生受到意外伤害的危害.预防中学生意外伤害是应对公共卫生领域变化的重要举措.

Trends of unintentional injury among middle school students in four areas of China during 2012-2014

Objective To analyze prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors in a sample of middle school students representative of four districts in China during 2012-2014 and its changing trend,and to provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control.Methods Data were drawn from the National Adolescent Physical and Mental Health Surveillance among primary and secondary high school students in four districts of Xinxiang,Yangjiang,Chongqing and Shenyang from 2012 to 2014.Demographic variables,unintentional injuries were collected.Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors by demographic characteristics,and the trend of it during 2012-2014 was observed.Results The prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors from 2012 to 2014 was 39.1%,39.2% and 34.2%,respectively.The most common types of unintentional injuries were fall injury (18.4%),cutting (14.7%),bums and corrosive injuries (9.4%),animal bites (7.6%),road traffic injuries (6.3%).The prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors among boys (40.7%,40.1% and 37.0%,respectively) was higher than that of girls (37.6%,37.2% and 31.6%,respectively) (P<0.01) and the prevalence of junior high school students (40.5%,41.9% and 36.0%,respectively) was higher than that of senior high school students (37.7%,36.5% and 32.5%,respectively) (P <0.01) from 2012 to 2014.The detection rate of unintentional injury was also statistically significant among four districts (P<0.01).The detection rates of Xinxiang and Yangjiang decreased from 2012 to 2014,while those of Chongqing and Shenyang showed the trend of rising firstly and then falling.Conclsion Although there is a downward trend in the prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors in four districts,nearly one third of middle school students are still harmed by unintentional injury.Therefore,this study suggests that preventing unintentional injuries behaviors of middle school students is an important measure to cope with changes in public health.