长沙市2015—2017年食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征

目的 分析2015—2017年长沙市食源性疾病暴发事件的流行特征,从而采取有针对性的防控策略,预防食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。方法 对2015—2017年通过国家“食源性疾病暴发监测系统”上报的长沙市食源性疾病暴发事件信息进行整理,分析事件发生时间、地点、发生场所、事件原因和致病因子等因素,描述食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征。结果 2015—2017年,长沙市共报告食源性疾病暴发事件173起,发病174人,死亡20人。6—9月是食源性疾病暴发事件发生的高峰,事件发生起数和发病人数分别占总数的75.14%和65.67%;事件发生较多的地区是浏阳市和宁乡市,事件报告数占总数的27.17%和17.34%;事件发生场所以家庭为主,占事件总数的67.05%,其次是农村聚餐;导致食源性疾病暴发的原因食品主要是毒蘑菇,占事件总数的58.96%。食源性疾病暴发事件的死亡病例90%由毒蘑菇中毒所致。结论 毒蘑菇中毒是长沙市危害严重的食源性疾病暴发事件,应针对高发季节、高发地区采取有效措施进行重点管理。做好毒蘑菇相关科普宣传,加强对基层医疗机构有关毒蘑菇中毒知识和救治措施的培训,是预防和控制毒蘑菇中毒事件的有效措施。

Epidemiological analysis of foodborne-disease outbreaks in Changsha, 2015- 2017

Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne-disease outbreaks in Changsha during 2015 to 2017, so as to adopt targeted prevention and control strategies to prevent the occurrence of foodborne-disease outbreaks. Methods Using the information of national foodborne disease outbreaks event monitoring system in 2015-2017 to analyse the distribution of time, place and population and describe the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne-disease outbreak. Results During 2015 to 2017, there were 17foodborne-disease outbreak events in Changsha, involving 174 cases and deaths. The peak of foodborne-disease outbreaks occurred between June and September, the numbers of events and cases respectively accounted for 75.14% and 65.67% of the total. The percentage of events occurred in Liuyang and Ningxiang were respectively 27.17% and 17.34%. Family was the primary site of foodborne-disease outbreaks, accounting for 67.05% of the total number of events, followed by rural banquet. The cause of foodborne disease outbreaks was mainly poisonous mushrooms, accounting for 58.96% of the total. Mushroom poisoning (mycetism) accounted for 90% of deaths of foodborne-disease outbreaks. Conclusions Mycetism is a serious foodborne-disease in Changsha city, and the effective measures should be taken in peak season and high-prevalence area to manage the poisonous mushrooms. Strengthening training on the knowledge and treatment of mycetism in primary medical institutions is an effective measure to prevent and control poisoning mushroom poisoning.